污水输送管各种管材比选

8.4 污水输送管各种管材比选8.4 Comparison and Selection of Various Types of Sewage Delivery Tubing8.4.1 排水工程管材8.4.1 Tubing for Drainage Works 目前国内用于排水管道工程的管材有许多种，特别是近几年 来随着新技术和新材料的发展，又出现了许多新管材，它们各有 特点，各善胜场，运用在排水行业，均有不俗的业绩In current domestic market, various types of tubing for drainage works are available, especially with the development of new technology and new materials in recent years, many kinds of new tubing are developed, which have different features and advantages and are applied to drainage industry with good performance.用于排水管道工程的管材主要有：The major tubing applied to drainage pipeline engineering is as follows:◊金属管材（主要指钢管、球墨铸铁管、灰口铸铁管等）；◊ Metal tubing （mainly refer to steel tubes, spheroidal graphite iron tubes, gray cast iron tubes etc.）;◊ 普通的钢筋混凝土管材（主要指一级、二级离心钢筋混凝 土管）；◊ Common reinforced concrete tubing （mainly refer to Grade I and Grade II centrifugal reinforced concrete tubes）;◊ 加强的钢筋混凝土管材（主要指三级离心钢筋混凝土管、 预应力钢筋混凝管、预应力钢筒混凝土管（简称 PCCP 管））；◊ Enhanced reinforced concrete tubing (mainly refer to GradeIII centrifugal concrete tubes, prestressed reinforced concrete tubes, prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes (PCCP tubes for short));◊ 玻璃钢夹砂管材(主要指缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂管和离心式玻 璃钢夹砂管等)；◊ Glass reinforced sand inclusion tubing (mainly refer to spiral wound type glass reinforced sand inclusion tubes and centrifugal glass reinforced sand inclusion tubes etc.)◊ 合成材料管材(主要指 UPVC、UPVC 加强筋管、 HDPE 管、 FRPP 等)等。

◊ Composite material tubing (mainly refer to UPVC, UPVC reinforced tubes, HDPE tubes and FRPP tubes etc.)8.4.2 各种管材的比较8.4.2 Comparison of Various Tubing1．金属管材(主要指钢管、球墨铸铁管、灰口铸铁管等)1． Metal Tubing (mainly refer to steel tubes, spheroidal graphite iron tubes, gray cast iron tubes etc.)(1) 钢管(1) Steel tubes机械强度大，可承受很高的压力，管件制作、加工方便，适 用于地形复杂地段或穿越障碍等情况但突出的问题是管道的腐 蚀及其防护内外防腐的施工质量直接和管道的使用寿命有关， 且钢管的综合造价较高尽管如此，在一些特殊条件下仍是其它 管材所不能替代的Steel tube has great mechanical strength and is capable of bearing high pressure, and the fabrication and processing of tubing isconvenient, hence the steel tube is applicable to the area with complex landform or with obstacles. However, the outstanding issue is concerning anti-corrosion and protection of the tubes. Construction quality of internal and external anti-corrosion is directly related to service life of the tubes, and the comprehensive cost of the steel tube is relatively high. Even so, the steel tube is notreplaceable by other tubes under some special circumstances.2)球墨铸铁管(2) Spheroidal Graphite Iron Tubes分可延性和铸态球墨铸铁管，抗拉、抗弯强度大，延伸率大 耐压力大，耐腐蚀优于钢管，但价格偏高，且管配件有时需用钢 制配件转换，因而产生防腐问题。

Spheroidal graphite iron tubes are divided into ductile and as-cast spheroidal graphite iron tubes, which have great extension and flexural strength, big elongation percentage and strong pressure-resistance force. The anti-corrosion performance is better than steel pipes, but its price is higher, and sometimes its fittings have to be switched with steel fittings, which causes anti-corrosion problem.(3) 灰口铸铁管(3) Gray Cast Iron Tubes 物理性质与球墨铸铁管类似，但在延伸率等较多方面均劣于 球墨铸铁管，但灰口铸铁管价格适中因制造过程中对环境的影 响较大目前已从以前的主流管材变为次要管材。

Its physical property is similar to that of spheroidal graphite irontubes, but some aspects such as elongation percentage are inferior to the spheroidal graphite iron tubes. The price of gray cast iron tubes is moderate. Due to its great impact on environment during production, the gray cast iron tubes have changed from main tubing in the pasttime to secondary tubing.2．普通的钢筋混凝土管材(主要指一级、二级离心钢筋混凝 土管)2．Common Reinforced Concrete Tubing (mainly refer to Grade I and Grade II centrifugal reinforced concrete tubes)使用时间最长，适用场合最广泛，价格便宜，性能稳定，目 前仍是排水行业的最主要的管材。

Owing to advantages of long service life, extensive application, low price, and stable performance, the common reinforced concretetubing is still the most major tubing in the drainage industry.3．加强的钢筋混凝土管材(主要指三级离心钢筋混凝土管、 预应力钢筋混凝管、预应力钢筒混凝土管(简称 PCCP 管))3．Enhanced Reinforced Concrete Tubing (mainly refer to Grade III centrifugal concrete tubes, prestressed reinforced concrete tubes, prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes (PCCP tubes for short))(1) 预应力钢筋混凝土管(1) Prestressed reinforced concrete tubes 预应力钢筋混凝土管：利用先张法、后张法对环向钢筋、纵 向钢筋进行张拉，使混凝土内产生预应力，从而提高管材的承截 力。

具有节约钢材、抗震性好、使用寿命长等特点，据生产工艺分为一阶段管和三阶段管多用于有压水的输送，管径范围申800—申1400 ,承受内压能力为0.4—1.2Mpa ,粗糙度系数 n=0.013—0.014Pre-stressed reinforced concrete tube: Pre-tensioning and post-tensioning methods are used to tension circumferential reinforcements and longitudinal reinforcements so as to generate pre-stressing force inside concrete and further improve bearing force of tubing. The pre-stressed reinforced concrete tube is characterized in saving steel material, good earthquake resistance performance and long service life. According to manufacturing technology, the tubes are divided into phase I tube and phase III tube. They are mainlyapplied to delivering pressure water. Tube diameters range 申800—申1400 , internal pressure bearing capacity is 0.4 一1.2Mpa ,and roughness coefficient is n=0.013 —0.014.一阶段和三阶段管较耐腐蚀，价格一般，但工作压力有限， 自重大，运输安装不便，管子破损率较高，管承口的不规则圆易 导致接口漏水，管配件需用钢制件转换。

Phase I and phase II tubes are relatively corrosion resistant, with moderate prices, but work pressure is limited, self weight is great, transportation and installation is inconvenient, tubes breakage percentage is relatively high, the irregular circle at the tube socket easily causes water leakage, and the tube fitting requires steel parts for adaptation.（2） 预应力钢筒混凝土管（简称 PCCP 管）（2） Prestressed Steel Cylinder Concrete Tubes （PCCP tubesfor short)PCCP 管是由两种不同材料组成的复合体，其结构形式是由 薄钢板焊成的筒体外包混凝土，缠绕预应力钢丝和用砂浆作保护 层。

其特点是具有高抗渗性，能承受很大的内外荷载，接口密封 性好由于它本身能抵抗较大的外荷载，使其不须依赖土壤的侧 向支撑，因而对回填土要求较柔性管低 主要用于有压水的输送， 管径范围为申1200—申2000，承内压的能力分为9级，最大可达 2.0Mpa，粗糙度系数较其它混凝土管低，n=0.010 —0.012，但其 价格较贵PCCP tube is a composite consisting of two different materials, the structural form of which is that a cylinder welded with thin steel sheet is covered with concrete, and is bound with prestressing steel wires and takes mortar as protective layer. It is characterized in that it has high anti-leaking property, is capable of bearing big internal and external load, and its interface is well sealed. Its capacity of resisting large external load enables it not to rely on lateral support of the soil, therefore its requirements on backfilling soil is lower than on flexible tubes. The PCCP tube is mainly applied to pressure water delivery, its tube diameter ranges 申1200—申2000, capacity ofbearing internal pressure is divided in 9 levels, maximum capacity may reach 2.0Mpa, roughness coefficient n=0.010 —0.012 is lowerthan other concrete tubes, but its price is relatively high.PCCP 管分内衬式和嵌置式 ,钢环状承插口密封性强，兼有钢 管和混凝土管的某些优点 ,但管材自重大 ,也需一些钢制转换件 ,运 输、安装不便，相应增加了管材的施工制作配套费用，必要时需在保护层外涂沥青防腐。

这种管材对于大口径能显示其性价比方 面优越性PCCP tubes are divided into inner lining type and insertion type, and steel ring shaped faucet has good tightness. The PCCP tubes have some advantages of steel tubes as well as concrete tubes, but self weight of the tubing is great and it requires some steel parts to adapt, the transportation and installation is inconvenient which increases costs associated with construction and fabrication of the tubing. When necessary, asphalt anti-corrosion shall be applied to the outside of the protective layer. Such tubing with large diameter can show its advantages in price and performance.4. 玻璃钢夹砂管材(主要指缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂管和离心式玻 璃钢夹砂管等)4. Glass Reinforced Sand Inclusion Tubing (mainly refer to spiral wound type glass reinforced sand inclusion tubes and centrifugal glass reinforced sand inclusion tubes etc.)分离心浇铸玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯夹砂管和玻璃纤维缠绕 增强热固性树脂夹砂复合管 ,具有重量轻，利于施工安装，耐腐蚀 等特点，使用周期长，可达到 50 年以上，水力性能优，管内壁粗 糙度 n=0.008~0.010 ，在相同水力条件下，玻璃钢管可代替比它直 径大一至二档的混凝土管和钢管、球墨铸铁管。

但玻璃钢夹砂管 与同管径管材相比价格偏高，且抗击集中外力和不均匀外力的能 力较弱It is divided into centrifugal cast glass reinforced undersaturated polyester sand inclusion tubes and glass fiber spiral wound reinforced thermoset sand inclusion composite tubes, which is characterized in light weight, facilitating installation construction, and resisting corrosion. The service life can reach over 50 years. Its hydraulic performance is excellent, with the inner wall roughness n=0.008~0.010 ， under same hydraulic condition, glass reinforced steel tube may substitute concrete tubes, steel tubes and spheroidal graphite iron tubes of which the diameter is one to two gears bigger than glass steel tubes. However, compared with other tubing with equal diameter, the price of glass reinforced sand inclusion tubes is higher, and its capacity of resisting concentrated external force and uneven external force is relatively weak.5・合成材料管材(主要指UPVC加强筋管、HDPE管、FRPP、 塑料螺旋管等)5. Composite Material Tubing (mainly refers to UPVC reinforced tubes, HDPE tubes and FRPP tubes and plastic spiral tubes etc.)合成材料管材是近几年才兴起的新材料、新技术，它主要指 UPVC加强筋管、HDPE管、FRPP管等，这些管材的制作必须符 合国家和地方有关标准和规定。

Composite material tubing is new developed material and technology in recent years, which mainly refers to UPVC reinforced tubes, HDPE tubes, and FRPP tubes etc. The fabrication of these tubes must meet relevant national and local standards and stipulations.该类管材的特点主要有：Features of this type tubing include:（1）内壁光滑，水头损失小，节省能耗；（1）Smooth inner wall, minor loss of water, saving energy;（2）材质轻，比重小，便于运输与施工安装；（2） Light-weight material, small specific gravity, being convenient for transportation and construction;（3）管道接口密封性好，可确保管内污水不外漏，并可顺应 地基不均匀沉降，不会产生如硬性混凝土管的脱节断裂现象；（ 3 ） Good tightness of the pipeline interfaces may ensure non-leakage of the sewage in the pipe and adapt to uneven settlement of foundation, and will not result in the phenomenon of disjunctionand breakage of rigid concrete tubes.（4）耐腐蚀，适用寿命长；（4）Corrosion resistance and long service life;（5）单根管道长度长；（5）Long length of single piece of pipeline;（6）价格较贵，适用于中、小管径。

6）Price is relatively high, hence is applicable to tubes of medium and small diameter.8.4.3 决定管材选用的综合影响因素8.4.3 Comprehensive Influencing Factors in Determining the Selection of Tubing1．施工方法（包括打开挖、维护开挖、顶管、沉管及非开挖 等施工方法）；1． Construction method （including open excavation method, maintenance excavation method, pipe jacking method, tubes sinking method and non-excavation method etc.) 4．管道埋深及地下水状况；4． Buried depth of the tubes and groundwater condition;5．施工现场具体情况；5． Specific condition of construction site;6．施工周期；6． Construction duration;7．地质状况；7． Geological condition;8．回填质量；8． Quality of backfilling;9．管材的物理性质；9． Physical property of the tubes;10．管道接口形式及止水密封性能；10 ．Interface form and watertight sealing performance of the pipeline;11．管道综合价格(包括管材、运输及施工等综合造价) ；11． Comprehensive price of the pipeline (including tubing, transportation and construction etc. comprehensive costs);12．工程所在地的常规施工技术；12 ．Regular construction technology of the project location;13．工程所在地的常规管材品种及管径系列；13 ．Regular tubing variety and tubing diameter series in the project location;14．其它影响因素。

14 ．Other influencing factors8.4.4 污水输送管管材选择方案比较8.4.4 Comparison of Selection Proposal for SewageDelivering Tubing1． 方案比选1. Proposals Comparison and Selection 近期建设范围的污水输送管主要为系统总管和干管， 管径大 主要为重力管道，输送距离长、埋深范围大、支线接入较多，因 此针对重力输送管道管材，作以下 4 种较适用管材进行方案比选：The sewage delivering tubing of the construction range in near future is mainly system main tube and trunk tube with big diameter, which belongs to gravity pipeline, with long delivery distance, large burying depth range and multiple branch lines connection. Based on the gravity delivering pipeline tubing, the following 4 proposals are made for comparison and selection:（1）方案一：预应力钢筒混凝土管（简称 PCCP 管）； （1）Proposal I: prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes （PCCP tubes for short）;（2）方案二：钢筋混凝土管；（2）Proposal II: reinforced concrete tubes;（3）方案三：钢管；（3）Proposal III: steel tubes;（4） 方案四：玻璃钢夹砂管。

4） Proposal IV: glass steel sand tubes.污水输送管管材方案比较表 表 8.4.4-1Comparison of Sewage Delivering Tubing Table 8.4.4-1方案名称Name ofProposal方案一Proposal I方案二Proposal II方案三Proposal III方案四Proposal IV管材名称Name ofTubing预应力钢筒 混凝土管( PCCP管) Prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes (PCCP tubes)钢筋混凝土管Reinforced concrete tubes钢管Steel tubes玻璃钢夹砂 管Glass steelsand tubes管内承压Inside-tube load bearing高、中、低 压High, medium, low pressure中、低压Medium, lowpressure中、低压Medium, lowpressure中、低压Medium, low pressure管道接口Pipeline interface双橡胶圈Double rubber washer锲形橡胶圈Wedge-shaped rubber washer焊接welding柔性橡胶圈Flexible rubber washer接口密封性Sealing performance of interface好Good好Good好Good较好Relatively good抗不均匀沉降 能力Capacity ofresisting uneven settlement较好Relatively good较好Relatively good好good较好Relatively good抗集中外力损 伤能力Capacity ofresisting damages byconcentrated external force好Good好Good好Good较差Relativelypoor方案一Proposal I管材名称Name Tubingof预应力钢筒 混凝土管( PCCP 管) Prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes (PCCP tubes)钢筋混凝土管Reinforced concrete tubes钢管Steel tubes玻璃钢夹砂 管Glass steelsand tubes管材防腐性Anti-corrosion property of tubing好Good一般Common较差(需进行 防腐处理) relatively poor (need anti-corrosive treatment)较好Relatively good粗糙系数Roughness coefficient0.0120.0140.0120.010壁厚Wall thickness厚Thick厚Thick重量Weight重heavy防渗Anti-leakage好Good使用寿命Service life长Long重heavy较好Relatively good 较长Relatively long较薄Relatively thin 较轻Relatively light 较好Relatively good一般Common一般Common较轻Relatively light 较好Relatively good 较长Relatively long基础处理Foundation treatmentbe with even一般不需特 殊处理，基 础可填砂 Normally unnecessary to make special treatment; foundation may be filled with sand一般需设条 形混凝土基 础Normally need strip concrete foundation一般不需特 殊处理，基础 可填砂Normally unnecessary to makespecial treatment, the foundation may be filled with sand基础必须填 砂，均匀密 实Foundation must filled sand, and compact管材名称Name ofTubing方案一Proposal I 预应力钢筒 混凝土管( PCCP 管) Prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes钢筋混凝土管Reinforced concrete tubes钢管Steel tubes玻璃钢夹砂 管Glass steelsand tubes施工质量Construction quality对土质适应性Adaptability to soil quality管道敷设 整体性Integrity of pipeline laying 回填要求Backfilling requirement 施工方法Construction method安全性Safety管径系列Tube diameter series管道埋深Embedment depth 施工方法(PCCP tubes) 较易控制， 较易保证 Relatively easy to be controlled Relatively easy to be ensured较强 Relatively strong易控制，易保证Easy to be controlled;easy to be ensured易控制， 易保证Easy to controlled; easy to ensuredbebe一般Common好Good一般Common较复杂Relatively complicated高High较齐全Relatively complete不受限制No restriction 施工方法较强Strong强Strong较强Relatively strong较好Relatively good一般Common简单Simple较高Relatively high齐全Complete不受限制No restriction施工方法多好Good一般Common简单Simple高High齐全Complete不受限制No restriction施工方法多较好Relatively good很高Very high一般common一般Common大管径稍受限制Big diameter is limited受限制Restricted施工方法一方案名称Name ofProposal方案一Proposal I方案二Proposal II方案三Proposal III方案四Proposal IV管材名称Name ofTubing预应力钢筒 混凝土管( PCCP管) Prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes (PCCP tubes)钢筋混凝土管Reinforced concrete tubes钢管Steel tubes玻璃钢夹砂 管Glass steelsand tubesConstruction method多(开槽、 顶管等)Multiple (channeling, tube jacking etc)样(开槽、顶 管、沉管等)Multiple (channeling, tube jacking, tube sinking etc)样(开槽、顶 管、跨越、沉 管等)Multiple (channeling, tube jacking, spanning, tube sinking etc)般(开槽、 沉管等)Common(channeling, tube sinking etc)温度应力Temperaturestress影响较小Relatively small influence影响较小Relatively small influence影响较大Relatively big influence影响较小Relatively small influence备料速度Material preparation speed一般Common一般Common快Fast一般Common生产厂家Manufacturer一般Common多Multiple多Multiple较少Less运输Transportation一般Common一般common较方便Relatively convenient一般common施工周期Construction duration较短Relatively short较长Relatively long较短Relatively short较 短Relatively short经济指标Economic index高High较便宜Relatively cheap较咼Relatively high一般Common应用情况Application situation较少Less最多Most一般Common一般Common宁波当地生长 厂家数量无none较多More较多More一般Common方案一Proposal I管材名称Name Tubingof预应力钢筒 混凝土管( PCCP 管) Prestressed steel cylinder concrete tubes (PCCP tubes)钢筋混凝土管Reinforced concrete tubes钢管Steel tubes玻璃钢夹砂 管Glass steelsand tubesQuantity of Ningbo local manufacturer 综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation较好Relatively good好Good较好Relatively good一般Common8.4.5 污水输送管管材选择推荐方案8.4.5 Recommended Proposal for Selecting SewageDelivering Tubing 通过管道使用场所需内压要求、施工难度、管材采购方便程 度、工程投资等各方面考虑， 本次设计重力管道拟采用管材为 “方 案二——钢筋混凝土管 ”。

为便于顶管作业，顶管部分采用 F 型接 口钢筋混凝土管By consideration of each aspect such as internal pressure requirements on places using tubes, construction difficulty, tubing purchase convenience, and project investment, this design of gravity pipes intends to adopt Proposal II-reinforced concrete tubes. To facilitate tube jacking operation, the jacking part will use reinforced concrete tubes with F-type interface.。