英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing,done,todo,doing当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词doing:有beingdone（被动式）；havingdone（完成式）；havingbeendone（完成被动式）不定式todo:有tobedone（被动式）；tohavedone（完成式）；tobedoing（进行式）动名词doing:有havingdone（完成式）；beingdone（被动式）;非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一、动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分1Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.2Hiswishistobeadriver.3Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.4Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.5Ihavenothingtosay.6Theywenttoseetheiraunt.7Itseasytoseetheiraunt.8Idontknowwhattodonext.9Iheardthemmakeanoise.说明：1动词不定式作主语,2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4动词不定式作宾语补足语，5.动词不定式作定语,6.动词不定式作目的状语,7.动词不定式作真正主语，it代替动词不定式，作形式主语。
8.带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1.“to”是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to都是介词agreetoobjecttocloseto,cometo,leadto,referto,equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto2.带to还是不带toIhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.（但是：Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.）3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的但是有时用of.Itsnecessaryforyoutostudyhard.Itsfoolishofhimtodoit.与of连用的形容词有：good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible4后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。
例如：通常不说Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而说Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.5不定式的省略下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到towantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto6不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1)动宾关系：Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.HeislookingforaroomtoliveHeislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).2)主谓关系：Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.Imgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(逻辑主语是I)Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow逻辑主语不是I)7不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：1)原因Heisluckytogethereontime.这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.3)结果Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.8.不定式作补足语Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.能跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有：see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,notice注:当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to,如：Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.二动名词LearningEnglishisverydifficult.学英语非常困难。
Hisjobisdrivingabus.他的工作是开车Ienjoydancing.我喜欢跳舞Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.我已经习惯了住农村Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡注意以下几种结构：1Theresnotellingwhatwillhappen.=Itsimpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.=Noonecantellwhatwillhappen.2Itsnousetalkingwithhim.Itsnogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.3Theressomedifficulty(in)doing在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下单词替换：trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime注意以下几个问题：1下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forgettodo忘记要做某事 forgetdoing.忘记做了某事remembertodo.记住要做某事 rememberdoing.记着做了某事 meantodo.有意要做某事meandoing.意味着做了某事 regrettodo.对要做的事表示后悔regretdoing.对做过去的事后悔canthelptodo.不能帮助做某事 canthelpdoing.情不自禁做某事 trytodo.尽力去做某事trydoing试着做某事learntodo.学着去做某事learndoing.学会做某事 stoptodo.停下来去做(另一件事)stopdoing.停止做某事goontodo.接着做(另外一件事)goondoing.继续做某事usedtodo.过去做某事 beusedtodoing.习惯做某事2动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达n+fordoing的含义现在分词作定语表达n+which(who)bedoing的含义如：asleepingcar=acarforsleepingarunninghorse=ahorsewhichisrunning前者是动名词，后者是现在分词又如：drinkingwater,walkingstickrunningwater,sleepingboy3动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.4动名词的语态和时态5动名词主动形式表被动的情况：needdoing,wantdoing,requiredoingThisroomneedspainting.这个房间需要粉刷6只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,taketo,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,canthelp,cantstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,giveup,include,三分词1 Thestoryisinteresting.Iminterestedinit.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣2.Thisisamovingfilm.这是一部动人的电影3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4.Givenmoretime,Illdoitwell.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好Whenhepassedthebackofthestreet,hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱应注意的几个问题：1现在分词与过去分词的区别DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?=DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.=Thesoldierwhowaswoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.2分词作表语Thenewssoundsencouraging.Theygotveryexcited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：Thenewsisinteresting.Heisinterestedinthenews.doing作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系；done作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.（强调动作）Theblackboardisbroken.Youdbetterhaveitrepaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,drank,done3现在分词、动名词现在进行时的区别Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.（表语）Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.（现在进行时）Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.（动名词）能回答how-question的是现在分词，能回答what-question的动名词，即不能回答how-question也不能回答what-question的是现在进行时。
例如：Howisthesituationinourcountry?Itisencouraging.Whatisyourjob?Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.4注意的四种结构：havesomethingtodo有某事要做havesomethingdone使某事被做havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事havesomethingdoing让某事一直做着5需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat,prepare,hide,dress如：Iseatedmyselfonthechair.Iwasseatedonthechair.6分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.（时间）BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.（原因）Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（条件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.（伴随）Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.（目的）Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.（结果）7分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别arunninghorse现在分词=ahorsethatisrunningafallenleaf过去分词=aleafthathasalreadyfallenawalkingstick动名词=astickforwalkingsomethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo8不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting.（将来）ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.（正在进行。