2022-2023年考博英语-东北师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题（ ） me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.问题1选项A.That amazedB.It amazedC.Which amazedD.What amazed【答案】D【解析】句意: 令我吃惊的是，这个在车祸中丧失双臂的年轻人能够用脚拿笔考查名词性从句分析题干可知 me most这部分在整个句子中作主语，因此这部分是主语从句常用连接词what引导主语从句,故答案选项为D2. 单选题That the driver （ ）in order to avoid an accident could be proven by examining the marks on the pavement.问题1选项A.swervedB.acceleratedC.dissolvedD.withdrew【答案】A【解析】句意: 那个司机突然转向是为了避免意外发生，这可以通过检查路面印记予以证实。
动词辨析Swerve突然转向; accelerate加速，促进; dissolve溶解，解散; withdraw撤退，离开故A符合句意3. 单选题In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of "fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M. and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable — meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that ~ and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is nondurable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year ~ about 64 items per person ~ and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes ― and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment — including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line — Cline believeslasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to.1.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her （ ）.2.According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to（ ）. 3.The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to （ ）. 4.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?5.What is the subject of the text?问题1选项A.poor bargaining skillB.insensitivity to fashionC.obsession with high fashionD.lack of imagination问题2选项A.combat unnecessary wasteB.shut out the feverish fashion worldC.resist the influence of advertisementsD.shop for their garments more frequently问题3选项A.accusationB.enthusiasmC.indifferenceD.tolerance问题4选项A.Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B.The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C.People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D.Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.问题5选项A.Satire on an extravagant lifestyleB.Challenge to a high-fashion mythC.Criticism of the fast-fashion industryD.Exposure of a mass-market secret【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。
由题干关键词Priestly criticizes her assistant定位至第一段: In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her (在2006年的电影版‘穿普拉达的女王’中，由Meryl Streep 扮演的Miranda Priestly因猜想高级时尚没有影响自己没有魅力的助手而斥责她), 因此可推知B项“对时尚不敏感”正确2.细节事实题第二段指出: These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable ― meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that —and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks (这些服装品牌怂恿有时尚意识的'消费者将衣服看成是一次性的（意味着只洗一次或两次，尽管这些品牌没有做那样的广告）， 且每隔几周就去更新自己的服装)。
因此D项“更频繁地为自己买衣服”正确3.词义题单词“indictment”后面的句子提到: These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable — meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that ― and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks (这些服装品牌公恵有时尚意识的消级者将衣服 看成是一次性的（意味着只洗一次或两次，尽管这些品牌没有做那样的广告），且每隔几周就去更新自己的服装)因此推测“indictment”在这里有“控告”的意思；故选A4.判断推理题最后一段: Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to (虚荣心是一种不变的事物；人们在自己不能承担去购买东西时才会开始更可持续性地购物)由此可推知D项“价格对有利于环境的购物是至关重要的”正确。
5.主旨大意题由全文主要围绕“批评快时尚行业浪费资源、劳动力，且污染环境”进行分析和论述可推知C项“批评快速时尚行业”正确4. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet newpeople with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment.Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy ’ s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cow climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After Word War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else • Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of me top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club.However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）. 3.Causes of fashions are（ ）. 4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）. 5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situationsB.Fashion in formal and informal situationsC.Ignoring appearance in informal situationsD.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。
第一段指出: How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion(十多岁或二十出头的时候，会比一生当中任何其他时期都关注自己的外表极少人满意自己的本来面貌，少数人足够勇敢忽视时尚潮流), 故选C(完全不忽视时尚潮流)2.细节事实题根据题干关键词 magazine and TV定位至第二段: Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment (大多数时尚杂志或 电视广告总是告诉我们应该穿什么或者应该有什么行为。
如果我们照做了，他们会告诉我们，我们可以有信心的交新朋友，充满信心的处理事情，不会尴尬)3.判断推理题根据关键词cause定位至第三段: What cause fashions to change?Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion(什么导致了时尚变化呢？有时候便利，实用必须，或是一个有影响力的人的爱好都可以造就时尚)4.细节事实题由关键词freer and easier定位至第五段: Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion (当今社会比曾经更为自由和舒适。
只要合情合理，或者做你喜欢的发型，而不是你应该按照时尚去穿去做)因此选D(个性)5.主旨大意题文章最后一段主要讲的是在某些场合，尤其是正式场合，外观是很重要的故选A(关注正式场合的外观)5. 单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.1.The word "spas" (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to （ ）.2.Early fitness spas were intended mainly for（ ）. 3.What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?4.People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out（ ）. 5.Recent studies have suggested that weight training（ ）.问题1选项A.sports activitiesB.places for physical exerciseC.recreation centersD.athletic training programs问题2选项A.the promotion of aerobic exerciseB.endurance and muscular developmentC.the improvement of women's figuresD.better performance in aerobic dancing问题3选项A.Positive.B.IndifferentC.NegativeD.Cautious问题4选项A.how well they could do in athletics.B.what their health condition was likeC.what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD.whether they were fit for aerobic exercise问题5选项A.has become an essential part of people's lifeB.may well affect the health of the traineesC.will attract more people in the days to comeD.contributes to health improvements as well【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。
"spas"所在句为:: Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness...( 随着上百万人投入到有氧操运动中， 数以千计的health spas在全国内发展开来，企图在这场健身热潮中获利)因此spas应该指某场所, 排除A、D而文章讨论的主题是健身运动而不是娱乐休闲，故答案选项为B项 “健身锻炼场所”2.细节事实题第一段指出: their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts (他们关注的不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养男性爱好者肌肉质量、力量和耐力的重量训练项目), 这里的their指的早期健身场所。
因此选B “耐力和肌肉发育”3.观点态度题文章指出: These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits (这些健身场所井没有从这场热潮中获得很好的经济收益因为医学观点认为，体重训练项目对健康的益处很少（就算有的话）)由此可见，医学观点（也就是医生的观点）对weight training的态度应该是非常消极的，可以选择C4.细节事实题根据题干关键词physical fitness tests定位至最后一段: Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics (过去，多数健康测试通常包含肌肉力量和耐力项目，这不是出于对健康的考虑，而是因为这些因素与体育竞技成绩相关), 因此选A “了解他们在体育竞技中能获得怎样的成绩”。
5.细节事实题第二段指出: However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well (然而最近有证据表明，主要用来提升肌肉力量和耐力的训练项目对健康也是有好处的)因此选D “负重训练对健康也是有好处的”6. 单选题His office is within （ ）from the post office.问题1选项A.a stone’s throwB.a throw of a stoneC.stone’s throwD.the stone’s throw【答案】A【解析】句意: 他的办公室与该邮局的距离在一步之遥内固定搭配a stone's throw —步之遥7. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English. 北京计划未来投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。
中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女她就是那个到明年年底会攒一万美元的那个女孩你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？自从她出生以来她就从未见过她爸爸你知道你们班长喜欢的女孩儿是贼的女儿吗？他很谦逊，认为自己离成功还很远宗教和科学其实不但可以调和，而且可以共存共生答案】Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in the future to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media.The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off their wealth all around.The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.She is the girl who will have made ten thousand dollars by the end of next year.Do you know the thief whom the policeman has been looking for?She has never seen her father since he was born.Do you know the girl who is liked by your monitor is the daughter of a thief?9. He is humble and thinks he is far from success.10. Religion and science are not only reconcilable, but also symbiotic.8. 单选题We’ll （ ）you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.问题1选项A.compensateB.remedyC.supplementD.retrieve【答案】A【解析】句意: 居住期间对你房子所造成的任何损坏，我们都会赔偿你。
动词辨析compensate 赔偿, 补偿; remedy改进,补救; supplement补充; retrieve取回，索回故A符合句意9. 单选题Nowadays many people become unemployed as a result of the wide introduction of （ ）in big industries问题1选项A.estimationB.automationC.transformationD.conformation【答案】B【解析】句意: 如今，一些大型工业广泛采用自动化技术，造成很多人失业名词辨析estimation判断，评价; automation自动化; transformation转变，改革; conformation 结构, 构造B符合句意10. 单选题What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother’s blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we cannot see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs, connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.1.Which of the following statements is not true?2.A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that （ ）.3.According to the passage, a child may inherit（ ）. 4.If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will（ ）. 5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.B.It is utterly impossible for us 。