Unit 4 Everyday economicsUsing languageⅠ. 用适当的关系词填空1. I will never forget the days that/which we spent together. 2. I will never forget the days when we stayed together. 3. The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound. 4. The reason why he was happy was that he had been praised by the teacher. 5. Keep the book in a place where you can find it easily. 6. This is the house that/which was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 7. I will show you the point where you fail. 8. There are some cases where this rule does not hold good. 9. He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy. 10. He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. Ⅱ. 句型转换1. The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago. →The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down. 2. The school lies in the east of the town. He once studied in the school. →The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town. 3. Do you remember the days? On those days we played together. →Do you remember the days when we played together? 4. We went through a period. During that time communications were very difficult in the rural areas. →We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 5. After graduation he returned to the small town which he grew up in. Ⅲ. 完成句子1. The reason why he could not go there was that he was ill in bed. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2. We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 我们生活在许多事情在电脑上就可以做的时代3. I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子 4. The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here. 那个化学家经常做实验的那个实验室离这里不远5. The factory where my father used to work fell down in the earthquake. 我父亲过去工作的那家工厂在地震中倒塌了Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A(2021·乌鲁木齐高二检测)Nobody likes home economics (家政学). But restoring the program could help us in the fight against obesity and chronic (慢性的)diseases today. The home economics movement was founded on the belief that housework and food preparation were important subjects that should be studied scientifically. The first classes occurred in the agricultural and technical colleges that were built in the 1860s. When most departments of universities rejected women, home economics was a back door into higher education. Indeed, in the early 20th century, home economics was a serious subject. When few people understood germ (微生物)theory and almost no one had heard of vitamins, home economics classes offered vital information about washing hands regularly, eating fruit and vegetables and not feeding coffee to babies. However, today we remember only the fixed ideas about home economics, forgetting the movement’s most important lessons on healthy eating and cooking. Too many Americans simply don’t know how to cook. Our diets, consisting of highly processed foods made cheaply outside the home, have contributed to many serious health problems. In the last decade, many cities and states have tried to tax junk food heavily or to ban the use of food stamps (食品券)to buy soda. Clearly, many people are doubtful about any governmental steps to promote healthy eating. But what if the government put the tools of obesity prevention in the hands of children themselves by teaching them how to cook? My first experience with home economics happened two decades ago when I was a seventh grader in a North Carolina public school. A year later, my father’s job took our family to Wales, where I attended a large school for a few months. It was the first time I had ever really cooked anything. I remember that it was fun, and with an instructor standing by, it wasn’t hard. Those lessons stuck with me when I first started cooking for my husband and myself after college and they still do. Teaching cooking in public schools can help solve some problems facing Americans today. The history of home economics shows it’s possible. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述的是家政学的历史和发展我们今天要正确地对待家政学在健康饮食和烹饪方面的重要意义1. What do we know about home economics according to the passage? A. It is a subject becoming more and more popular with AmericansB. It is often used to help fight against obesity and chronic diseasesC. It once offered women a special approach to university educationD. It was first taught in the agricultural and technical colleges in the early 1900s【解析】选C细节理解题由文章中第二段最后一句When most departments of universities rejected women, home economics was a back door into higher education. 可知, 家政学给了女性一个进入大学接受高等教育的机会。
故选C2. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A. The importance of regular hand washingB. The health benefits of fruit and vegetablesC. The contents of home economics classes in the early 20th centuryD. The significance of teaching home economics in the early 20th century【解析】选D段落主旨题纵观第三段的内容Indeed, in the early 20th century, home economics was a serious subject. When few people understood germ theory and almost no one had heard of vitamins, home economics classes offered vital information about washing hands regularly, eating fruit and vegetables and not feeding coffee to babies. 可知, 第三段主要讲述了20世纪初家政学教学的意义。
故选D3. In the opinion of the author, how should we fight against childhood obesity? A. Children should be taught how to cook. B. A heavy tax should be put on junk food. C. Healthy eating should be promoted at school. D. Using food stamps to buy soda should be banned. 【解析】选A细节理解题由文章第四段中But what if the government put the tools of obesity prevention in the hands of children themselves by teaching them how to cook? 可知, 在作者看来, 我们应该教孩子们如何做饭来对抗儿童肥胖, 故选A4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Her family moved frequently in her childhood. B. Cooking classes have a far-reaching influence on her later life. C. To receive a better education, she went to a large school in Wales. D. Teaching cooking is the key to solving Americans’ health problems. 【解析】选B。
细节理解题文章的最后一段主要讲了作者的亲身经历从作者小时候学会做饭一直到成家后给丈夫、孩子做饭, 这些经历对作者的生活产生了深远的影响A、C、D三个选项的表述与原文意思不符B(2021·沈阳高二检测)An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于)the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures—which are open to students from all departments—were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250. “There are a large number of students who are not economics majors (专业), who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. ” He said. University applications rose by 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the pubic sector (部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority (少数)of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain. Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said, “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn (低迷)will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲述了由于金融危机, 在大学里越来越多的人申请读经济学, 经济学受到热捧并且公共行业的专业也很受学生的青睐, 因为这些行业的收入在经济危机中更为保险5. Professor John Beath’s lectures are ______. A. given in a traditional wayB. warmly received by economicsC. connected with the present situationD. open to both students and their parents【解析】选C细节理解题根据文章“One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. ” 今年我做过的一件事是以传统教学没有用过的方式把我的教学与当代的事件联系起来可知, Professor John Beath 的讲座主要是有关当代发生的一些事情, 与当前的形势联系得很紧密。
故选C6. Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their______. A. higher pay B. greater stability (稳定)C. fewer applications D. better reputation (名声)【解析】选B细节理解题根据文章“Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the public sector, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. ” (护理行业增长了15%, 人们对公共行业的职业重新产生了兴趣, 人们认为这在经济危机中更有保障)可知, 公共行业被看成是在经济危机中更加有保障的行业, 所以很多人申请公共行业的专业学习7. In the opinion of most parents, ______. A. economics should be the focus of school teachingB. more students should be admitted to universitiesC. children should solve financial problems themselvesD. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened【解析】选D。
细节理解题根据文章A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters(最近的一项研究显示, 近三分之二的家长认为学校应该做更多的事情来教学生理财)可知, 家长们希望老师多教学生一些金融方面的知识, 故选D8. What’s the main idea of the text? A. Economics is attracting an increasing number of students. B. Universities have received more applications. C. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. D. Parents are concerned with children’s subject selection. 【解析】选A主旨大意题文章主要介绍了当前经济危机下, 很多人都申请学经济学来更好地理解金融系统的运行模式和职能, 即经济学吸引了越来越多的人。
故选AⅡ. 语法填空(2021·天津高二检测)BEIJING China will establish a new special economic zone in the 1. _______ (heavy)polluted province of Hebei to promote integration(一体化)with 2. _______ neighboring cities of Beijing and Tianjin, the government has announced. The Xiongan New Area will be 3. _______ the same national importance as the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 4. _______ helped kick-start China’s economic reforms in 1980, the official Xinhua News Agency said, citing a circular released by the Chinese Cabinet. The new special economic zone 5. _______ (locate)around 100km south-west of Beijing, close to the Hebei provincial capital of Shijiazhuang and will house some of Beijing’s relocated “non-capital functions”. It is currently only 100 square kilometers in area 6. _______ will eventually be expanded to 2, 000 square kilometers. Beijing, home to 22 million people, 7. _______ (try)to control population growth and relocate industries and other non-capital functions to Hebei in the 8. _______ (come)years as part of its efforts to prevent pollution and crowdedness. The removal of non-capital functions from Beijing is part of a greater strategy to integrate the development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei for a better economic structure, 9. _______ (clean)environment and improved public 10. _______ (serve). 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 中国政府近期要设立雄安新区, 文章介绍了雄安新区的地理位置及设立的设想和功能。
1. 【解析】heavily考查副词句意: 中国将在被严重污染的河北省建立一个新经济特区来加快和邻近城市——北京和天津的一体化进程在英语中, 副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子, 本句中副词heavily作状语, 修饰形容词polluted所以要填heavily2. 【解析】the考查定冠词定冠词the表示特指, 不定冠词a/an表示泛指, 本句使用定冠词the特指河北省两个邻近的城市北京和天津所以要填the3. 【解析】of考查固定结构句意: 雄安新区将会和深圳特区有同样的国家重要性固定结构“of+名词”=“该名词构成的形容词”, 所以句中的“of importance”=“important”表示重要的; 在句中作表语所以要填of4. 【解析】which考查定语从句本题定语从句的先行词是the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 关系代词which指代先行词, 引导定语从句并在句中作主语所以要填which5. 【解析】is located考查动词句意: 这个新的经济特区位于大约北京西南100千米处, 靠近河北省会石家庄短语be located意为“位于……”, 在句中作谓语, 所以要填is located。
6. 【解析】but考查连词句意: 现在它只有100平方千米, 但是最终会拓宽至2 000平方千米根据句意可知, 上下文之间是转折关系, 要用表示转折关系的连词所以要填but7. 【解析】is trying考查时态句意: 北京现在有2 200万人口, 在努力控制人口增长并在未来几年里向河北重新配置工业和其他非首都功能本句叙述北京现在正在做的事情, 所以填is trying8. 【解析】coming考查形容词形容词coming表示“即将到来的”, 在句中作定语, 修饰years, 表示未来的时间所以要填coming9. 【解析】cleaner考查比较级句意: 转移北京的非首都功能是整合北京、天津和河北省发展的一个伟大的策略, 是为了一个更好的工业结构, 更清洁的环境并提升公共服务句中设空处与前面的better是并列成分, 所以要填cleaner10. 【解析】service(s)考查名词在英语中, 动词的后面要接名词作宾语, 本句中要用serve的名词形式作动词improve的宾语, 所以要填service(s)完形填空(2021·西安高二检测)Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are 1 to post the results of their own labours online. Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库), and astronomers are accustomed to 2 images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the 3 , not the rule. Historically, scientists have 4 sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work, until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data, and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. But the 5 are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data 6 . Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to. “ 7 a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. ”Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products 8 and enable other researchers to discover and cite (引用)them. Although calls to share data often concentrate on the 9 advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits including more connections with colleagues, improved 10 and increased citations. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed, and their work gets used. 11 , one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been 12 5700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. “I’d much prefer to have my date used by the 13 number of people to as their own questions, ” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be 14 . ” Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding 15 later on. 【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 公布自己的研究数据和成果正变得越来越流行, 这不仅对外界有好处, 而且对作者本人也有好处。
1. A. restricted B. reluctantC. desperate D. generous【解析】选Brestricted限制的; reluctant不情愿的; desperate绝望的; generous慷慨的根据前一句可知, 尽管许多研究者都同意, 但是他们大多数还是不愿意将自己的劳动成果公布在网上2. A. accessing B. processingC. analyzing D. identifying【解析】选Aaccessing接近, 使用; processing处理; analyzing分析; identifying确认分析句子可知, 本句讲述天文学家可以直接使用这个望远镜观测的图像3. A. assumption B. mysteryC. exception D. phenomenon【解析】选Cassumption假设; mystery谜; exception例外; phenomenon现象根据本句not the rule可知, 这些情况都是例外4. A. longed for B. appealed toC. focused on D. objected to【解析】选D。
longed for渴望; appealed to呼吁, 吸引; focused on关注; objected to反对根据后文可知, 列举了很多科学家反对分享的原因5. A. symptoms B. barriersC. advantages D. consequences【解析】选Bsymptoms症状; barriers障碍; advantages优势; consequences结果根据后文可知, 期刊和资助机构正在鼓励科学家公开数据, 故障碍在消失6. A. controllable B. uniqueC. reliable D. public【解析】选Dcontrollable可控制的; unique唯一的; reliable可靠的; public公开的根据文章可知, 此处指公开自己的数据7. A. shift away from B. end up withC. give rise to D. build【解析】选Ashift away from转变; end up with以……结束; give rise to引起; build创建。
根据文章可知, 研究的文化在发生改变8. A. secret B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly【解析】选Bsecret秘密的; digitally数字地; ethically道德地; fairly相当根据文章可知, 越来越多的研究成果以数字版本出版9. A. material B. individualC. moral D. economic【解析】选Cmaterial材料; individual个人; moral道德的; economic经济的根据文章可知, 本句主要讲述呼吁公开研究数据的道德原因10. A. visibility B. awarenessC. condition D. confidence【解析】选Avisibility可见度; awareness意识; condition条件; confidence信心分享文章可知, 本句讲述公开数据对个人的好处11. A. On the contrary B. As a resultC. For example D. After all【解析】选C。
On the contrary相反; As a result因此; For example比如; After all毕竟根据后文可知, 本句是前一句的举例说明12. A. downloaded B. updatedC. optimized D. addressed【解析】选Adownloaded下载; updated更新; optimized优化; addressed做演讲根据文章可知, 本句讲述最受欢迎的数据下载次数13. A. moderate B. maximumC. average D. estimate【解析】选Bmoderate温和的; maximum最大的; average平均的; estimate估计根据文章可知, 作者希望自己的数据能够帮助更多的人14. A. reversible B. profitableC. reproducible D. recognizable【解析】选Creversible可逆的; profitable可盈利的; reproducible可再生的; recognizable可认出的公开数据和代码结果能让你的科学研究衍生。
故选C15. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflict【解析】选Bcrisis危机; confusion混淆; risk风险; conflict冲突根据本句可知, 公布研究数据有助于让科研者更有条理, 经受训练以避免之后的困惑。