一、名词知识点(1)How much +不可数名词 How many + 可数名词(2)put up 张贴 get up 起床 pick up 捡起 hand in交上Visit to 访问 drop by 顺便拜访 come at找到 make sb. Feel at home 使某人感到回家了Look up 向上看;拜访;查找 turn on打开Look out 小心 turn off关掉Look through 浏览;看穿;审核 turn up开大Look down 瞧不起人;俯视 turn down开小Look after 照顾Look over 检查;翻阅 Give up 放弃 get up起床;举起;站起来Give away 赠送 get to到达;开始Give out 分发;公布 get on上车Give off 发出 get off下车Give in 屈服 get along with sb.与某人相处Take off 起飞;(使)离开 put on 穿上Take up 占据;继续;拿起;接受提议 put away 把。
收起来Put on 穿上的动作 put out 熄灭;出版Wear 穿上的状态 put off 脱去Dress .sb 给sb.穿 put up 张贴;举起Dress up 打扮Make up 组成Run out用完Come out出版;出来Come on快点;前进;开始工作Come along取得进展;赶快;出现.注意听 listen up 从……内出来/离开 get out of.处于……的边缘 on the edge of . 在……的底部 at the bottom of .就……来说,至于 as far as . 不再 not…any more/any longer .数百万的 millions of 潜逃,逃跑 run away.暂时,一度 for a time .成长,长大成人grow up谈论talk about 代表,象征stand for.建立,创立(公司、机构等)set up 首先first of all负责,注意see to 一次at a time . 用手工(制造)by hand在……的开始at the beginning of 而不是……rather than 某天one day 集中注意力于pay attention to也as well 设法弄懂,计算出work it/them out试用,试验,检验try it/them out 顺便走访drop in.同……一样as…as 扔掉,抛弃(某物)throw away.代替,而不是instead of doing .对……造成伤害do harm to对……产生重大影响/很重要make a difference to.张贴,挂起put up 组成,构成be made up of许多a number of 看、、一眼have a look at、与、、、相似similar to .在左边/右边on the left/right.即使even if/ though 那边over there.和某人说几句话have a word with . 赢得、、、的心win the heart of….从、、、开始ever since 放弃give up doing sth垃圾食品junk food . 与、、、一起along with//together with由于thanks to .向、、、增加add…to取得进步make progress 填写fill in.登记入住check in(3)反意疑问句(重点):可参考题目五 ’d{would like { had better have{have{had better have done do(4)修饰可数名词:few,a few,only a few,quiet a few,several,many,a number of,a pair of, a group of,hundreds of, thousands of,millions of.不可数名词:a little,only a little, quite a little, much, a piece of,a bit of,a great deal of都修饰:some,any,a lot of, lots of, plenty of (5)一些词的复数形式Tomato----tomatoes potato---potatoes day-----days photo---photos piano-----pianosClass----classes cow---cows boy---boys Sleep睡觉---asleep睡着的-----sleepy困乏的Bus---buses box----boxes watch------watches hero----heroesCity---cities knife---knives leaf---leaves Foot----feet tooth---teeth mouse----miceF/fe-----ves: Herself她自己 thief 小偷 wife妻子 knife刀 wolf 狼Half 2/1 shelf 架子 leaf 叶子 life 命People,police是复数 可以说a person a policeman单复同形:sleep,deer,fruit,fish,means,Chinese,JapaneseGerman’s德国人的---Germans德国人American’s美国人的----Americans美国人Australian’s澳大利亚人的----Australians澳大利亚人Russian’s俄国人的----Russians俄国人Egyptian’s埃及人的----Egyptians埃及人(6)复数形式的读音1. -s清辅音/s/ 浊辅音/Z/ 无音/Z/2. t.d 结尾-s/ts/,/dz/3. S,z,x,ch,sh,结尾-es /iz/4. 辅音字母+y结尾改y为ies /z/5. O结尾加es /z/6. 中间oo改为ee读/i:/7. F,fe改为ves读/vz/(7)A and b’s c 意思是a和b 的cA’s and b’s cs 意思是a的c 和b 的c The greens’格林夫妇的家At the doctor’s在诊所里有生命的名词所有格用’s无生命名词所有格用of (8)Family,house,home的区别Family家庭,家庭成员, 与房子无关House房屋,住宅 home家 有感情色彩(9)Voice,noise, sound 的区别Voice噪音 noise吵闹声 sound 自然界的声音(10)Job,Work的区别Job 可数,指一个具体工作Work不可数名词 花脑力和体力活(11)Place,Room的区别Place地方,可数Room房间可数,空间不可数(12)易混词组1、 Sth happen to sb:某人出了某事(事做主语)take place (有计划)发生2、 go through 穿过(城市,森林等立体空间)go across 穿过(马路、桥等表面)3、 为了:in order to +动词原形 so that +从句4、 more and more+可数名词或不可数名词:越来越多人less and less+不可数名词(little 的比较级)fewer and fewer+可数名词复数 5、A great number of 许多:谓语用复数 The number of ……的数量,谓语用单数The number of the students is 40A number of students are playing basketball there.6、millions of ,billions of ,thousands of ,hundreds of 5 million, 6hundered7、be made from 由、、、制成(看不出原材料)be made of由、、、制成(看得出原材料)be made into 制作成、、、8、win(won)+prize/first place/competition/match/game(奖品、比赛)beat(beat-beat-beaten)+Class/team/sb(人、组织)9、compare A to /with B 把A 与B 作比较 Compare A to B 把A 比作B10、take part in +活动=join in+活动 join +sb join +组织(club/army/)11、lend…to …把、、、借出borrow …from …把、、、借进(借进借出都是相对主语来说的)12、on one’s way to school 在去学校的路上on one’s way home 在回家的路上13、也If you don’t go ,I won’t ,either.(either否定句句末)If you go, I will ,too.(放在肯定句句末)Tony also gets up early every day.(also放句中) I like math, and I like English as well(前面无逗号)=I like English as well as(和) math14、too much+不可数名词,too many+可数名词复数 ,much too+形/副词15、kind of+形/副词 = a little =a bit 有点16、find out (truth,地址) find(find-found-found)找到丢失的东西look for 寻找的过程17、get/receive a letter from sb=hear from sb 收到某人的来信18、everyday English /activity 日常英语/活动do sth every day 每天做某事19、What are you up to?你在做什么? up to 100 多达10020、be full of =be filled with 装满,充满21、used to do 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事22、be famous /known as +职业/身份作为、、、闻名 be famous /known for+特产/名胜23、an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩 The boy is eight years .这个男孩8岁了。
24、at the end of 在、、、的末尾 a happy ending 一个完美的结局25、experience 经历(可数),经验(不可数)26、sometime 某时 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 some times 几次27、work 工作(不可数名词)works 作品(可数名词复数)28、agree with sb 同意某人的意见 agree on sth agree to do sth29、advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事(对方不一定采纳)persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事(对方采纳)30、就近原则:There be A and B有A和B Not only A but also B 不仅A而且B Neither A nor B( 既不A、、、 也不B) Either A or B (或者A 或者B) 就远原则:A as well as B 既A又B;除A之外(也) A with/along with /together with B 。
复数:A and B ,Both A and B31、Thanks to sb /sth= Because of 幸亏,由于Thanks for doing sth感谢做某事32、percent of (百分之的谓语根据of 后面的名词决定sixty percent of the students are boys.33、run a city 管理一个城市run quickly跑得快34、sit close to ; be close to keep eyes open//closedThirty percent of the rice is grown in the south.look through 浏览look up 查(单词)see to 负责 get to sb 影响某人35. 用though, but表示“虽然……,但是…… ”或用because, so 表示“因为……,所以……”时,though和but 及because和so 都只能择一而用,不能两者同时使用13)易错词组:(encourage ,persuade ,allow)sb to do sth ,(look forward to , pay attention to, feel like ,give up,enjoy,mind,finish)doing sth be made to do sth be seen to do sth be heard to do sth.had better do sth 句型:It was …that +句子 例如:It was in the street that I met him yesterday.You bet!当然了 Congratulations to you!祝贺你!What’ s the population of Shunde ?(不能用how many 提问人口)(14)名词所有格及练习讲解是名词的语法范畴之一。
它是名词和代词的一种变化形式,在句中表示与其它词的关系名词有三个格:主格、宾格和所有格在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher’s book它有两种不同的形式:一、在名词尾加’s主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的某些空间和时间名词的所有格,如the world’s,the sun’s,the earth’s,today’s,yesterday’s等1. 单数名词词尾加“’s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“’s” 例the boy’s bag 男孩的书包 men’s room 男厕所 2. 若名词已有复数词尾又是s ,只加“’” 例 the workers’ struggle 工人的斗争 3. 凡不能加“’s”的名词,都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系 例 the title of the song 歌的名字 4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词 例 the barber’s 理发店 5. 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有’s,则表示“分别有”;只有一个’s,则表示“共有”。
例 John’s and Mary’s room(两间) John and Mary’s room(一间) 6. 在复合名词或短语中,’s 加在最后一个词的词尾 例 a month or two’s absence 7. 作为一个整体的词组,一般在最后一个词的词尾加’s 例 an hour and a half’s walk (步行一个半小时的路程) Carol and Charles’ boat (卡咯和查尔斯两人共有的船) 8. 不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上 例 somebody else’s bag 9. 下列情况可以将 ’s 所有格中的名词省略 1)名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,以免重复 例 This notebook is not mine, nor John’s, nor Peter’s. 这个笔记本不是我的,也不是约翰和比特的 The dictionary isn’t mine, but Jenny’s. 这本词典不是我的,而是珍妮的 2)名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。
例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons’. the doctor’s(office)医生的诊所 my uncle’s(house)我叔叔的家 10. 起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s 例 room number tooth brush 二、另外一种所有格是由介词of加名词构成的名词短语 1.名词的所有格形式除’s外,还可用of+名词构成短语修饰前面的名词或表示两个名词间的所有关系 2. 使用名词所有格须注意: 一般地说, ’s 所有格多用于有生命的东西,of 所有格多用于无生命的东西,但也有许多例外 1)表示天体的名词的所有格用’s 例 the sun’s heat the moon’s surface 2)表示地区机构的名词的所有格用’s13728896568 例 the city’s development the government’s plan 3)表示度量与货币价值的所有格用’s 例 ten kilometers’ distance 200 dollars’ worth of goods 4)表示“有关……”非所有关系的用 of 介词短语。
例 students of the school the statue of liberty 5)表示同位关系的用 of 介词短语 例 the city of Pisa 6)表示部分或全部的用 of 介词短语 例 the bottom of the sea the majority of people 7)表示抽象概念的用 of 介词短语 例 the cost of living the news of success 8)名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the + 形容词”表示一类人,其所有格用 of 介词短语 例 the housing problem of the poor the skills of the workers who have been well trained 9)有些表示时间、距离等无生命和表示世界、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以在词尾加’s或“ ’ ”,变成相应的所有格 例 five minutes’ walk 五分钟的路程 today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 3. 双重所有格 双重所有格即 “ of + 名词’s 所有格”,表示整体中的一个或部分。
用于修饰of前面的名词,但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an),two,any,some,several,no,few,another或this,that,these,those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成, 如:a friend of mine 我的一位朋友 例 Do you know any friends of my husband’s? Two classmates of my sister’s will come to join us. 注:在双重所有格中,用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的,而且一般指人 例 an old friend of my father’s(=one of my father’s old friends)我父亲的一个老朋友 this lovely baby of my aunt’s 我姨妈的可爱的孩子题目(1)For example:Where is your sister? At____________.A. Mr Taylor’s B.Taylors C.the Mr Taylor’s D.the Taylors人称前没有the(2)Do you know Mrs Cooper? Yes, she is a friend of_________.A. Lisa’s mother B.Lisa’s mother’s C. Mother’s of Lisa D.Lisa mother’s由翻译得:她是Lisa的妈妈的一个朋友SO.B(3)Don’t point _______anyone____your chopsticks. It’s not polite.A. At by B. At, with C. To by D.out with 固定搭配point at sb with sth(4)People in Colombia are very relaxed _______time.A. About B. For C. Of D.with 固定搭配,你懂的(5)she has finished homework yesterday didn’t she ______?She has finished homework _hasn’t she_____________?He dislikes english ,doesn’t he______?He has gone to London hasn’t he_____?I used to be shy,didn’t I____?She hardly does homework ,dose she ?She must be Mary,isn’t she______?方法:参考知识点(3)反意疑问句(6)he used to___very late,but now he is used to___early.A. get up;getting up B.get up;get up C.getting up;get up D.getting up;getting up1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。
现在不做了)例如:My father used to be a teacher. He used to have long hair. 其否定形式常用didn’t use to 或 used not to例如: She didn’t use to / used not to wear a skirt. 2. be used to sth / doing sth.习惯于某事或者习惯做某事,其中to为介词,其后跟名词,代词或形容词例如:I am used to getting up early. I wasn’t used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city. 3. be used to do sth = be used for sth / doing sth. 被用来做……,是被动语态,其中to 为不定式符号例如:A knife can be used to cut things. Seal’s fur can be used for coats. 4. make use of sth. 利用,使用某物。
其中use也是名词,可用 good、full、more、little等形容词修饰例如: We must make good use of time to study. 5. use one’s head 动脑筋,仔细考虑例如: Use your head and you’ll find a way. (6)can you tell us the things___we are stopped to do?A. what B.if C.how D.thatHow to do it . what to do it(7)the doctor told me to eat more ____because it’s good for my health A. oranges B.ntgetables C.ice creams D.fish上文It’s so D(8)where is your brother? At _________A. Mr Green’s B.MR Green C.the MR Green’s D. The MR Green人称前不用the(9)he dropped the ___and broke it.A. cup of coffee B coffee’s cup C cup for coffee D coffee cupthe cup of coffee那杯咖啡,是不可能被摔碎的coffee's cup咖啡的杯子,这里名词的所属格表示的逻辑意义错误,咖啡怎么会拥有杯子呢?cup for coffee为了咖啡的杯子,表达不符合常理(10)would you like ______ No ,thanks ,I have had much A some more oranges B any more oranges C some more orange D any more orange由much得orange 为不可数名词 some用在表示请求的疑问句,希望得到肯定回答。
当期望得到肯定回答应用some(11)I like_____a lot ,and my mother usually cooks it in different ways A fish B potatoes C noodles Noodles可数 (12)What can i do for you?I want to buy some ___clothes?A men’s B mens C men D men’Men虽然为复数但可以加’s(13)What does victor usually do after school?He just plays computer games___doing nothing else.A once upon a time B more or less C hour after hour D from now on A很久很久以前D从现在起SO C(14)Mr smith always has___to tell us A some good pieces of news B some pieces of good newsC some good piece of newes D some piece of good newes 此题考查不可数名词数量的表达法,其结构为数词/冠词+量词+of +不可数名词,量词可以是单数,也可以是复数,但of 后面的名词只能用单数形式,news为“消息”不可数,所以C,D排除,形容词修饰这类词组时,一般数量词前(15)______exciting news! We will have ____long holiday after the examA what an, a B what ,a C How an, the D how ,the News为不可数名词不可用 a/an修饰(16)How’s joy’ s skirt?Her skirt is more beautiful than____A her sister’s an kate B her sister and kate C her sister and kate’s D her sister’s and kate’s当某物为几个人所共有时,只要最后一个名词变为所有格形式,如表示两者或两者以上的人分别所有,应将每个名词变为所有格(17)I don’t know how to use this machine It doesn’t matter , here is the _____A. Instruction B direction C information D advertisement A说明(18)How can I tell me tree from another ?You can mostly tell them by the ____of their leaves A shape B size C age D color大意:区别树的不同品种时,大多通过树叶的形状(19)where are the students?Are they in_______?A the Room 406 B.Room 406 C THE 406 room D 406 room固定搭配(20) what’s the date today?It’s______A Sunday B.June C June 11th D summer 万恶的固定搭配 (21)Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______. A. rooms number B. Room number C. Room’s number D. Room numbers 解析 本题应选A。
起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s本题房间和号码不是所有关系 (22)The newly-built library is a ______ building. A. five-storey B. Five storeys C. Five-storey’s D. Five storeys’ 解析 本题应选D (23.) --- Whose umbrella is it? --- It’s _______. A. somebody else’s B. Somebody else C. Somebody’s else’s D. Somebody’s else 解析 本题应选A不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上 (24.) I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____? A. temperature of room B. Room’s temperature C. Room temperature D. Temperature of room’s 解析 本题应选A (25.)_______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’ 解析 本题应选 B。
(26).The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________. A. Mary’s sister B. Mary sister’s C. Mary’s sister’s D. Sister of Mary’s 解析 本题应选A 那个女孩是玛莉的姐姐的朋友 (27). The woman over there is ______ mother. A. Julia and Shelley’s B. Julia’s and Shelley’s C. Julia and Shelley D. Julia’s and Shelley 解析 本题应选A那个妇女是单数,是一个人应该是朱莉娅和谢莉两人共同的母亲 (28.) He is very tired. He needs ______. A. a night rest B. a rest night C. a night’s rest D. a rest of night 解析 本题应选C (29). ---Excuse me,where are _______ offices? ---Over there. A. teacher’s B. teachers’ C. the teacher’s D. the teachers’ 解析 本题应选D。
D项的the teachers’是复数名词的所有格形式,修饰复数中心名词officesC项the teacher’s是单数名词所有格形式,从语法上讲不符合上下文,并且从内容上讲单个老师拥有若干offices也讲不通,故舍之A、B项前面少了定冠词the,成了泛指的offices,无法达到交际的目的,因此也不选 (30). It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes round shape into a teardrop shape. A. of the drop B. the drop’s C. drop of D. drops the 解析本题应选BIt”是形式主语that…”引导的是主语从句主语从句的谓语是“changes…into…”“把……变成……”其中“…into…”的前后应是对应的平行结构很明显A和D都不行,不能把“changes”误作名词C改变了“…into…”的平行关系只有B既能与前边的动词“changes”衔接,又能保持“…into…”的平行关系 (31). Today is September 10th. It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teacher B. Teachers’ C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s 解析 本题应选B。
注意不加冠词2003年北京西城区、天津市和2002年长沙市试题都考查了这个知识点 (32). We’ll have a _____ holiday. What about going to the West Lake? A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two day’s 解析 本题应选B 注意不同的表达方式:a two days’ holiday或a two-day holiday (33). This is my dress. That one is ____. A. Mary B. Mary’s C. sister D. mother 解析 本题应选B one指代前面所提的dress那件裙子是玛莉的,表示裙子属于玛莉 (34). The is just around the corner and you won’t miss it. A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles’ shop 解析 本题应选B名词作定语可分两种情况,一是名词所有格;二是表示中心词的性质、材料、类别或性别等时,一般直接用名词的单数形式,只有clothes, parents, goods, sports, sales 等少数几个名词必须用复数形式。
此处指商店的性质,用单数形式,意思为:自行车商店就在拐角处,你不会错过它 (35). The village is far away from her indeed. It’s walk. A. a four hour B. a four hour’s C. a four-hours D. a four hours’ 解析 本题应选D冠词、数词、量词和名词连用有两种形式:一种是a+数词+量词的名词所有格+名词,如果数词大于“1”,量词要用复数形式,如:a four miles’ journey; 另一种是:a+数词-量词+名词,这时量词要用单数形式如:a four-mile walk. (36) Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______. A. rooms number B. room number C. room’s number D. room numbers 解析: 本题应选A起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s。
本 题房间和号码不是所有关系 (37). The newly-built library is a ______ building. A. five-storey B. five storeys C. five-storey’s D. five storeys’ 解析: 本题应选D (38) --- Whose umbrella is it? --- It’s _______. A. somebody else’s B. somebody else C. somebody’s else’s D. somebody’s else 解析: 本题应选A不定代词后接else , 所有格放在else 上 (39) I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____? A. temperature of room B. room’s temperature C. room temperature D. temperature of room’s 解析: 本题应选A (40) _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’ 解析: 本题应选A。
(41).These _________ have saved many children’s lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor答案:C该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致42).This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s 答案:D该题考查的是并列名词的所有格两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加’s43) ---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 答案:D。
该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词只有sheep可用作复数名词44) ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案:C该题考查的是名词的类别三种东西中只有tea能喝45)--- Li Lei is really a football fan. --- _______. (确实这样.) So he is(√) [析] “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,意为“……也是这样”;“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定,意为“……确实如此”46)重庆比中国的其他城市都大 Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×) Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√) [析] “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能做比较,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其它城市比较大小。
(47——. 广州的天气比北京的天气更暖和 The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×) The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√) [析] 表示比较时,句子中的两个比较对象必须一致,不同的比较对象不能做比较错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,这两个不同类的事物之间不能做比较 二、数词知识点:一、基数词1. 数词的读写(1)1-12基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eigh。