单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,被动语态的翻译方法,一般被动语态有四种情况：,第一，无从说出、无需提及主动者,When will the new bridge be built?,什么时候建新桥？,第二，出于某种考虑，无意说出主动者,Generally it is considered not polite to do so.,一般认为，这样做是不礼貌的第三，强调动作的承受者,The room was cleaned by a little girl.,房间是一个小女孩打扫的第四，为了上下文的衔接和句子连贯,Students asked a lot of questions.Most of them have been settled satisfactorily.,学生们问了好多问题大部分问题已经被圆满解决了很多时候译成主动句式更好,例如：,Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.,已经注意到采取防腐新措施一、译成中文的主动句,（1）保留原文主语,翻译某些被动句时，如无需指出动作的发出者，动词的动作不带有受动色彩，通常可以按照原文语序顺译，原文的主语仍旧充当译文的主语。
例：visitors are requested not to touch the exhibition.,观众请勿触摸展品Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.,水能从液体变成固体2）,将原文主语译成宾语如果原文中没有施动者，必要时，可在译文中添加不确定的主语如：“大家”、“人们”、“有人”等,If you are asked personal questions,you need not answer them.,如果有人问你的私事，你可以不必回答Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.,大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用English is considered very important for Chinese students.,人们认为英语对中国学生来说是很重要的I am afraid I shall be laughed at.,我怕大家笑话我3）,把原文句中的一部分转译成主语,英语中一些被动句译成中文时，需要将句子中某个适当的成分转译成主语。
既要做到不违背英文原文，又符合中文规范表示方位的地点状语转译成主语的情况较多,例：The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.,中国在四千年前发明了指南针The answer are provided in the next chapter.,下一章提供答案有时原句中的宾语也可转译成主语,My daughter was given a present by Mr.Green.,我女儿的一份礼物是格林先生给的I was told the story by my mother when I was young.,这个故事是小时候妈妈讲给我的4）,把施动者译成主语,We are kept strong and well by fresh air.,清新的空气使我们身体健康Those towering peaks are only to be scaled by the most daring.,只有最勇敢的人才能攀登那些高耸的山峰The magnificent hotel had been completely destroyed by the big fire.,大火把这座富丽堂皇的宾馆完全烧毁了。
5）,译成无主句,英文原句中没有提到施动者时，有时可将被动句译成无主句The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.,必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪声Very often,introductions are made using both first and last name.,介绍的时候往往是连名带姓The use of the satellite makes it possible to observe the universe much better.,利用卫星，能够更好地观察宇宙6）,译成带表语的主动句,The element of helium was first found in the sun.,氦元素最初是在太阳里发现的The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.,美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的But the march could not be stopped with bullets now.,但这时候游行已经不是枪弹所能阻止得了的。
The first explosive in the world was made and used in China.,世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的以it做形式主语的被动语态巨型的习惯译法以it做形式主语，被动语态的动词做谓语，再接that引导的主语从句的结构是英语中常见的一种句型在译成中文时，常要变成主动句有时不加主语，有时则要加一些泛指的不确定的主语，如“大家”、“人们”、“有人”等不加主语,：,It is said that 据说,It is supposed that 据推测,It has been calculated that 据计算,It was estimated that 据估计,It must be stressed that 必须强调,It will be seen from this that 应当指出,It can be clearly seen that,可以清楚地看到,It was so decided that 就此决定,It has been proved that 业已证明,可加主语,It is admitted that 大家承认,It is asserted that 有人主张,It is believed that 有人认为,It is found out that 人们发现,It is known that 众所周知,It is noted that 人们注意到,It is thought that 有人认为,It is taken that 人们认为,It is generally considered that 大家普遍认为,It is understood that 人们明白,二、译成中文的被动句,有些英语被动结构不宜转译成汉语主动句式的，就可带着这些被动标记，译成被动句式。
例如：,He had been fired for refusing to obey orders.,他因拒绝接受并令而,被,解雇了He was set upon by two masked men.,他,遭到,两个蒙面人的袭击Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.,我们的外交政策,受到,全世界人民的支持The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.,那部科幻小说是,由,我得一个朋友译成中文的,The old man was knocked down by a speeding truck.,那个老人,让,一辆超速的卡车撞倒了Those books have been affected with damp.,那些书,受,潮了在现代汉语中有些主动表达句式同样具有被动意义,问题应及时加以解决Problems should be resolved in good time,这事必须马上办This must be done immediately.,这个提案不错，但还可以进一步改进。
This proposal is better,but can still be improved.,一点水声也没听见Not a sound of water was heard.,Exercises:,1,、,Do you know why the boy was scolded?,2、I know the child would be well looked after in the kindergarten.,3、English is spoken in Britain,the U.S.and some other countries.,4、Several study techniques are mentioned in this book.,5、If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said to be positively charged.,6、A force is needed to stop a moving body.,7、Brief reference should be made here to the law of universal gravitation.,8、Care is to be taken to do away with the bad habit.,9、When the anthem had been played,the group callisthenics began.,10、Metals may be cast into various shapes.,11、It may be asked why plants can run a fever.,12、It is rumoured that she is going to divorce her second husband.,Keys:,1、你知道这个男孩子为什么挨了骂吗？,2、我早知道这孩子在幼儿园会得到很好的照顾,3、英国、美国和其他的一些国家讲英语。
4、这本书里提到了好几种学习方法5、如果原子失去了一个或更多的电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷6、要使运动着的物体停下来，就需要用力7、,这里应该简单地提一提万有引力规律8、要注意改掉这个坏习惯9、国歌演奏完，团体操就开始了10、金属可以铸成各种形状11、有人或许会问，为什么植物也能发烧,12、据说，她打算和第二个丈夫离婚晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是由好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。