第二讲 词汇如何写美在写对词的基础上,还需要把词汇写美,这样才能备受阅卷老师的青睐写好词的标准是准确恰当、符合习惯、生动形象英语的词汇相当丰富,同义词、近义词很多因此,要力求语言地道、规范一、词汇写美的四个原则1.短语优先原则在写作中,要想把词汇写美,就要注意挖掘自己现存的词汇潜力,多使用短语、习语来代替一些单词,这样在表达时更具有力度,能够增加文采①我无法容忍他对我们说话的方式I can not bear the way he speaks to us.在表达时,我们可设法用no longer put up with这一短语动词取代not bearI can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us.②他在课堂上没有听我讲He didn’t listen to what I said in class.(一般)He turned a deaf ear to what I said in class.(较好)第二句中用短语动词turn a deaf ear to就比普通短语not listen to显得高级③我突然有了一个好主意Suddenly I had a good idea.(一般)Suddenly I came up with a good idea.(较好)All of a sudden a good idea occurred to me.(较好)2.表达手法多样化原则在表达相近或相同意思时,要尽量避免过多地重复使用某一个单词,应学会选择使用其他恰当的同义词或近义词或词组来表达,这样能让阅卷老师感觉到你词汇量丰富,表达手法多样化。
①我喜欢读书而我弟弟喜欢看足球比赛I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches.(词汇重复)I am fond of reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches.(词汇多样)另外,我们可以利用单词的多种词性,或利用构词法进行词性转换这样就会摆脱千人一面的窘境,也会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉②虽然工人的数量大大减少,但是产量却稳步提高Although the number of workers has decreased sharply, yet the output has increased steadily.(用动词词性)Although the number of workers has undergone a sharp , yet the output has experienced a steady increase.(用名词词性)3.多用具体词汇原则写作中多使用具体、确切的词汇,少用笼统、概括性词汇;多用蕴含感情色彩的词语,少用中性词。
如good指人时,我们可用以下形容词替换:kind, honest, generous, selfless, brave, warmhearted, sympathetic, honorable, humorous, smart, gentle等;good在指事物或事情时,我们可用以下形容词替换:great, fantastic, splendid, marvelous, excellent, wonderful, meaningful, enjoyable, nice等这样用词可表达得生动形象,给平淡无味的语句添加“美味”,给评卷老师留下深刻印象以下句子中的形容词虽然都可以用good代替,但远不如现有的形容词出彩①他是一位热心的老师He is a warmhearted teacher.②我希望每个人都能玩得开心I hope everyone can have a wonderful time.4.适当使用高级词汇原则在表达中使用高级词汇,能反映出一个考生内在的底蕴,体现考生运用语言的能力和水平因此,我们要重视高级词汇的使用在选择高级词汇表达语意时,就应做到避“简”就“繁”,就是说尽量选择得体、规范、较长的词,少用常见、俗套的词。
如:我们机会相当大多数考生可能表达为“We all have the same chance.”,这句中的词汇都是司空见惯的词汇,读起来毫无新意,但是,如果表达为“We all possess the same opportunity.”就会给阅卷者一种印象——该考生词汇量大二、词汇写美的两大注意点1.注意增加靓词的“出镜率”,变消极词汇为积极词汇阅读中能认识但写作中不会用的词汇属于消极词汇,写作中能运用自如的词汇为积极词汇,也就是平常所说的“第一反应词”积极词汇量的多少直接决定着英语作文表达水平的高低现在很多考生的困难是,头脑中的很多词汇介于积极词汇与消极词汇之间;另外,很多背到的消极词汇如果较长时间不接触就会变成陌生词汇因此在备考过程中,考生要做的事情就是迅速扩大消极词汇量并且保持接触的频度,力争使其变成积极词汇很多考生作文驻足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的简单词汇,背了大量的靓词妙语而不用这是一种懒惰的表现建议大家在想到一个表达时,务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式,这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”例如想表达“美丽的”这个含义,大家首先想到的是“beautiful”,那么在下笔时,要想一想还有没有更出彩的表达,如“attractive”或“charming”等。
再如表达“困难的”时,大家常用“difficult”,那是不是用“tough”或“challenging”更与众不同呢?2.注意亮点词汇使用的场合写作时,在用词上不可随心所欲,决不能为追求“高级”而使用复杂但毫无把握的词语,也不能满篇堆积所谓的“高级”词汇,否则给人过分炫耀之嫌,得不偿失一般来说,一篇文章能用好三五个高级词汇就可以了另外,为能更好地“完成规定的写作任务”,减少错误,特别提醒同学们在使用“高级词汇”时,一定要注意遵循“准确、恰当”的原则,并且要注意使用的场合,难词和生僻词汇并不一定就是高级词汇,例如:一大早我们买了一些圣诞礼物Early in the morning we purchased some Christmas presents. (purchased太过于书面化,改为bought更地道)附 写作中常用的4组高级写作词汇[第一组] 名词1.机会 chance→opportunity2.选择 choice→alternative3.课程 course→curriculum4.影响 effect→influence/impact5.后果 result→consequence6.缺点 shortcoming→drawback7.方法way→approach8.职业job→career/employment/profession9.老人old people→the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens10.青少年young people→youngsters/youths/adolescents [第二组] 动词及动词短语1.看见see→catch sight of2.遇见meet→come across3.遭遇meet with→encounter4.拥有have→possess5.提高develop/improve→promote6.替代replace→substitute7.面对face→be faced with8.容忍bear→put up with9.处理do with→deal with/cope with10.决定decide→determine/make up one’s mind11.考虑consider→take into account/consideration12.应该should→be supposed to13.理解understand→make sense of/figure out14.使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage of15.道歉apologize→make an apology16.记住remember→keep in mind17.发生happen→occur/come about18.想起think of→occur to/come up with19.感谢thank→appreciate20.帮助某人help sb.→do sb. a/the favor21.节省save→set aside22.参观visit→tour/pay a visit to23.分发hand out→distribute24.站起来stand up→get to one’s feet25.习惯于be used to→be accustomed to26.一定be sure to→be bound to27.为……做准备prepare for→make preparations for/be prepared for28.反对be against→object to29.厌烦be bored with→be fed up with/be tired of30.忙于be busy in (with)→be occupied in (with)/be buried in/be engaged in31.闻名be famous for→have a reputation for32.感到舒心feel comfortable→feel at ease33.美化学校make our school beautiful→beautify our school34.置若罔闻refuse to listen to→turn a deaf ear to35.成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make it36.想做某事want to do sth.→seek/intend/desire to do sth.37.照看look after→attend to38.尽力做某事try one’s best to do sth.→spare no effort to do sth.39.向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help→turn to sb. for help40.我认为I think→in my opinion/as far as I’m concerned[第三组] 形容词1.令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking2.贫穷的poor→needy/povertystricken3.优秀的excellent→outstanding4.明显的obvious→apparent/evident5.常见的common→universal6.充足的enough→adequate7.勤奋的hardworking→diligent8.可用的useful→available9.艰难的difficult→challenging10.坚强的strong→tough11.重要的important→vital/significant12.不可能的impossible→out of the question13.有趣的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing14.小心谨慎的careful→cautious15.幸运的lucky→fortunate16.巨大的large→enormous17.合适的proper→appropriate18.丰富的rich→abundant19.古老的old→ancient20.唯一的only→unique21.全部的whole→entire22.富裕的rich→wealthy23.有意义的meaningful→rewarding24.许多的many→a large quantity of[第四组] 其他(副词、连词、介词短语、数词)1.突然suddenly→all of a sudden2.立即 immediately→in a flash3.有时sometimes→occasionally/once in a while/from time to time4.另外;况且besides→in addition/what’s more/moreover5.因此so→therefore6.第一,首先 first→to begin/start with7.第二,其次 second→in addition/what’s more8.最终 finally→eventually9.但是 but→however10.大多数most→the majority11.许多 a lot of→a large quantity/amount of/endless12.种类繁多的 all kinds of→a variety of/varieties of/various13.事实上in fact→as a matter of fact/actually14.例如for example→for instance15.几天前a few days ago→the other day16.故意 on purpose→deliberately/by design17.因为 because of→on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to18.总之 in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary19.由……构成be made up of→consist of20.越来越多more and more→an increasing number of21.因为because→in that22.一……就……as soon as从句→on/upon+动名词23.如果if→suppose/supposing/on condition that24.即将到来coming soon→around/round the corner。