非谓语动词疑难问题详解一、 非谓语动词各种形式所表表示的时间概念：(1) 如用“(to) do”，表该动作是重复性的或将要做的，如：I often see him draw. 我经常看见他画画He is said to come tomorrow. 据说他明天来2) 如用“to be doing”，表该动作正在进行，如：I am excited to be performing on the stage. 在舞台上表演我很激动He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in . (3) 如用“to be done”，强调该动作是被执行He was said to be sent to abroad. (4) 如用“to have done”或“to have been done”，表该动作已完成，如：I'm sorry to have kept you so long. 对不起让你久等了 (5) 如用being done,则可表时三种意思A. 作主语，表被动 Being admitted to Beijing University is my dream. B. 作宾语(在少数动词或介词后) ，表被动。
Do you mind being left alone at home? I’m worried about being left alone at home. C. 作定语，表被动(正在被) The building being built is a lab. (6) having done 表示的时间在谓语动词所表示的时间之前，且表主动，常用作 句子的状语Having finished his homework , he went out to play.(7) having been done谓语动词所表示的时间之前，且表被动，用作句子的状语 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world. 二、 几种非谓语动词用法比较： 一、句法功能比较 以动词make为例，把这四种非谓语动词在句中所作的成分总结如下：make主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主宾表定状补不定式to writeto be makingto have madeto be madeto have been made√√√√√√–ing形式making having madebeing madehaving been made√√√√√√过去分词 made √√√√非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词虽不是谓语，但仍然是动词的一种形式，在句子仍有着自己的时态。
ing 形式（以do为例）： 主……………….动被……………….动一 般 式doing being done完 成 式having donehaving been done 动词不定式（以do为例）： 主 动 动被 动一般式 to do to be done 进 行式 to be doing ……………..完 成式to have done to have been done 分词的用法I．作状语: 表示时间、原因、方式和伴随状态在表示时间、原因时相当于一个状语从句，在表示方式和伴随及结果时没有相当的状语从句代替1. Bitten by the dog, the girl cried loudly.2. Helped by his friends, he could finish the work very easily.3. Pushed by the air, the balloon flied into the sky.4. Although shot several times, he still fought bravely with his enemy.5. Once bitten by a snake, he was very afraid of all the crawling things6. Although Questioned and tortured by the enemy, he never gave in.7. Working in the cotton field, they talked and laughed happily.8. Looking out of the window, he saw a lot of dinosaurs running through the main street.9. Once, while working n a new invention, Edison made 8,000 tests without success.10. Being a student, we have a lot of responsibilities.(duties)11. Opening the door of your heart, you’ll find a wonderful world.12. Having lived in the lonely house for ten years, he hardly knew what the outside word was.II. 作定语；单个分词作定语,放在被修饰词的前面; 分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。
1. Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick.2. Don’t read in a moving car or bus.3. Running water never smells.4. I want get a shining star for you as a gift.5. A smiling face doesn’t necessarily mean happiness.6. UFO is considered to be alien’s flying machine.7. Falling leaves and fallen leaves are different.8. Sometimes a broken cup is more expensive than a new cup.9. The old man lived in the deserted castle.10. The newspaper printed in the 17th century is very valuable.11. The elephants living in Africa are different from the ones in Asia.The fish swimming through the water plants are very ugly.(一) 关于动词不定式的考点考点一：在下列情况下常用不带（或省略）to的动词不定式：1. 感官动词后面：feel， listen， hear， look at， notice， see， watch， observe， perceive2. 表示使役意义的动词，如：have， let， make3. 一些情态动词后面：had better， would rather…than…，would sooner…than…，rather than， may well do，may as well do （还是…好了），can not but…，can not help but…4. 在do （did， does， done） nothing （anything， everything ）but （except） doI can do nothing but follow your advice.如果but或except之前没有do，其后的to不能省略。
There is no choice but to wait and see.5. 由all， what引导的主语从句或者主语被only， first， one， least或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to.What I have to do is take a rest.The only thing I could do was do it myself.（二）关于动名词的考点考点一：直接接动名词做宾语的动词和词组: admit， avoid， advise， allow， appreciate， consider， delay， deny， dislike， encourage， enjoy， escape， excuse， fancy， feel like， finish， forbid， forgive， imagine， involve， mind， miss， permit， postpone， practise， prevent， propose， resist， risk， stop， give up， can‘t help， can’t stand， suggest注意：上述动词中allow， advise， forbid， permit， recommend在有人作宾语时，则后接不定式作宾语补足语。
如：allow somebody to do something考点二：下列短语中to为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词apply to, look forward to, be familiar to, with regard to, owe…to, be faithful to, turn to, get down to, be opposed to, be sensitive to, live up to, in relation to, admit to, be devoted to, owing to, thanks to, object toI am looking forward to seeing you again.我盼着再见到你考点三：在demand， deserve， need， require， want， worth等词后面接动名词表示被动的意思，即用主动形式表示被动意义如果接不定式，必须用不定式的被动形式考点四：在下列it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型中，用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语It is no use（no good， no point， no sense， a waste of time等名词）+ doing sth.It is good （nice， interesting， useless等形容词） + doing sth.；There is no point （use， sense， good等名词） + doing sth.考点五：在“have difficulty （trouble， problem， pleasure， a difficult time） （in） doing sth.”结构中，后接动名词；但注意take the trouble to do sth. ， have no time to do sth.后接不定式。
考点六： 能跟不定式、动词的-ing形式或–ed形式，但意义相差很大的动词有：① have：have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, I had the workers do the job for me. Jim often has his father help him with his homework. have somebody /something doing something -ing形式作补语，They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. have somebody/something done宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，有两种情况：a. 主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。
Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.b. 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为He had his leg broken in the match last month. 他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛 ② + 宾语 + to do 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作 get + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或进行 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系 I got him to help me when I did the repair. 我修理的时候让他帮我 Can you get the car moving? 你能让车发动起来吗？Get your work finished by noon. 在午饭之前把你的工作做完I want to get this film developed very soon. (SBⅡA P125) ③ + 宾语 + to do 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。
leave + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或进行 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系 Don’t leave the small child to take care of himself. To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. Then I left him standing by the counter so happy that I almost envied him. ④ + 宾语 + (to be) find + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或进行 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。
We find him (to be) a clever boy.The teacher found him dozing in class.She found her wallet stolen.Surprisingly, we found no villagers injured in the hurricane. ⑤ + 宾语 + do 不定式动作由宾语发出，强调动作的完整性 see/ hear + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的某一点 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系 I can see it fastened to a nail. ⑥ make + 宾语 + do 不定式动作由宾语发出，宾语和补语之间为主动关系 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系You’d better make your plan known to others, or you can’t make them carry out your plan.2、跟不定式和动词的-ing形式皆可，但意义相差很大的动词这类动词常用的有：① try：try to do sth. 尽力做难做的事； try doing sth. 试着做某一件可能会出现某一结果的事。
He tried to stand up but failed. 他试图站起来，但没成功Let’s try telling him about the sad news. 咱们试着把这个不幸的消息告诉他② regret：regret to do sth. 对马上要做的事表示遗憾；regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔I really regret missing/having missed his lecture. I regret to tell you that I cannot come. 真遗憾，告诉你我不能来了③ can’t help：can’t help doing sth.禁不住； can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙干…I couldn’t help shaking with so few clothes on. I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这里了④ mean：mean to do sth. 想做；mean doing sth. 意味着。
如：Wasting time means killing life. 浪费时光就意味着浪费生命Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命意味着解放生产力⑤ forget：forget doing sth. 忘了已做过的事；forget to do sth. 忘记将要做的事如：I forgot telling him about the news. 我忘了曾把那件事告诉过他Don’t forget to wake me up at 6 tomorrow morning. ⑥ go on：go on doing sth. 继续干未干完的事（强调动作的持续）；go on to do sth. 继续干是一件事（强调事情的转接）The old man went on doing his work after a short rest. The old man went on to play another song. 这个老人接着弹奏另一首曲子⑦ remember：remember doing sth. 指记着做过的事；remember to do sth.记着要做事。
如：Please remember to come on time. 请记着按时来I still remember being taken to the Science Museum for the first time. ⑧ stop：stop to do sth. 停下正在做的动作去做另一动作； stop doing sth. 停止做动名词所表示的动作如：We stopped (in order /so as) to have a rest. 他停下来休息了一会Don’t stop trying once again. 不要停止，再试一次⑨ 动词need, require, want作“需要”解且主语是物时，后面接-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式如：The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. Your paper needs checking/to be checked again. ⑩ 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing形式作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。
如：We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话We advise their starting early. = We advise them to start early. 考点七：下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词，所表达的意义无太大的差别考试中一般很少涉及到，这些动词有：begin， continue， commence， discontinue， attempt， intend， plan， decline， dislike， fear， hate， like， love， neglect， omit， can‘t bear （stand， endure）， prefer（三）非谓语动词的其他考点考点一：独立主格结构Weather permitting， we‘ll be going fishing tomorrow.The students having finished reading the text， the teacher went on to ask them some questions.All the money having been spent， we started looking for work.With her hair beautifully done，the customer left the hair-dresser‘s happily.考点二：非谓语动词三种表示被动的结构（语法常考题）to be done不定式的被动态表示将来的动作being done用来表示动作的正在（被）进行或者表示原因、条件等done （having been done）表示动作的被动关系或过去完成状态Are you going to attend the meeting to be held nest meeting？The question being discussed is very important.Did you attend the press conference held in Beijing last week？All flights having been cancelled，they had to take the train.考点三：分词短语的固定表达方式，通常作句子状语，一般不受句子主语的限制。
如：according to…（根据）， judging from…（从……判断）， talking of…（谈到），owing to…（由于）， taking everything into consideration…（全盘考虑）， allowing for…（考虑到…）， leaving…on one side…（抛开……不谈）， generally speaking （总的说来）， frankly speaking （坦率地说）， roughly speaking （粗略地说）， honestly speaking （老实说）， strictly speaking （严格地说）， theoretically speaking （从理论上说）1.She didn’t remember_______his before.(MET 88) A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met2.What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. It is worth______a second time.(MET 89) A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read3.Do you know the boy_________under the big tree?(MET 89) A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 4.There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light.(MET 89) A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 5.Good morning. Can I help you?I’d like to have this package________, madam.(MET 89) A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed6._________more attention, the tree could have grown better.(MET 90) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 7.Most of the artists________to the party were from South Africa.(MET 90) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited8.The secretary worked late into the night,________a long speech for the president.(MET 91) A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 9.She’s upstairs__________letters.(MET 91 ) A. writes B. is writing C. write D. writing10.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself_________.(MET 91) A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard 11.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________behind his back.(MET 91) A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 12.I can hardly imagine Peter____________across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET 91) A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to save sailed 13._______a reply, he decided to write again.(MET 92) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not Having received D. Having not received14.The salesman scolded the girl caught_______and let her off.(MET 92) A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing 15.I usually go there_________by train. Why not________by boat for a change?(MET 92) A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going16.I would appreciate back this afternoon.(MET 92) A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling17._________is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(MET92) A. The walking B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 18.“Can’t you read?”Mary said_________to the notice.(MET 93) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing19.The computer centre,___________last year, is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 20.How about the two of us_________a walk down the garden?(MET 93) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking21.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_______that he has enjoyed his stay here.(NMET 94) A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added22.The first textbooks________for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written23.I must apologize for_________ ahead of time. That’s all right.(NMET 94) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know24.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret________ that.(NMET 95) A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done25.___________in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(NMET 96) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose26.The Olympic Games,_______ in 776B.C.? didn’t include women players until 1912.(NMET 97) A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first played27.Cleaning women in the big cities usually get_________by the hour.(NMET 98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay28.European football is played in 80 countries,_________it the most popular sort in the world.(NMET 98) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.C21.C 22.D 23.B 24.D 25.C 26.C 27.C 28.A。