Section Grammar一二三四一、观察下面的两个句子并填空1.Walking in the street,I met a friend of mine.走在街上,我遇到了一个老朋友2.Having lost all my old friends,I felt shy and lonely at my new school.失去了所有的老朋友,我在新学校感到既害羞又孤独剖析:句1中非谓语walking 这个动作与谓语动词met这个动作,故用了动词-ing的一般式;而句2中非谓语having lost发生在谓语动词felt这个动作,故用了动词-ing的答案:同时发生;之前;完成式一二三四二、翻译句子1.I like dancing in the open air.2.I like to dance with Tom this afternoon.3.Stop talking.The baby is sleeping.4.He was very tired and stopped to have a rest.答案:1.我喜欢在室外跳舞2.我今天下午想和汤姆跳舞3.别说话,宝宝正在睡觉。
4.他太累了,就停下来休息一二三四三、观察第二题中的句子并填空剖析:句1中like doing和句2中like to do 两者含义相同,都表示“”,但两者用法有区别:当表示经常发生的动作或比较抽象的意义时用,如果表示某个将来的动作或具体的意义时用句3中stop doing表示“”,句4中stop to do表示“”,两者含义不同答案:喜欢做某事;like doing;like to do;停止做某事;停下来做别的事一二三四四、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.We look forward to(see)you next Monday.2.(cut)the meat into pieces,my father began to cook.3.She felt nervous,(not know)what to do.4.Whoever wants(stay)in a hotel has to pay their own way.5.All the problems need(solve)at once.6.He regretted(make)the mistake because of carelessness.7.Lucy doesnt mind(lend)you her dictionary.8.Remember(keep in touch)with me.E-mail me!答案:1.seeing2.Having cut3.not knowing4.to stay5.solving/to be solved6.making7.lending8.to keep in touch1231.When did the writer decide to confront Roy?作者决定什么时候面对罗伊?考点:confront v.面对We must confront future with optimism.我们必须乐观地面对未来。
123考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的含义She was confronted with severe money problems.她面临严重的资金问题含义:面临We are learning how to confront death.我们在学习如何正视死亡含义:正视(困难的局面或问题)She decided to confront Kathryn with the truth.她决定用事实与凯瑟琳对质含义:对质1232)辨析:confront,face与encounterconfront 较严肃,是书面语,含有直接地、面对面地与对方会见的意思,它着重于无法避免的面对面的相遇当主语是人时,还通常暗示这样的会见是出于决心面对困难或解决某一问题face 较口语化,用途很广,除表示“对,朝”之外,还有直接地、面对面地与对方会见,正视、面对、不企图逃避的意思,更强调果断、有胆量地面对一些事语气比confront强encounter强调偶然地“不期而遇”,也指冲突中的“遭遇”,或“遭遇”困难、危险等,只用作及物动词123He confronted his enemies bravely.他英勇地面对敌军。
My house faces the sea.我家的房子向着大海I encountered a friend on the plane.我在飞机上遇到了一个朋友1231232.Grammar:Adverbial clause:having(done)考点:having(done)作状语Having left something in the cloakroom,I went inside to get it.因为我把东西落在衣帽间了,我就进去取考点延伸1)动词-ing形式的完成式指动词-ing形式的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前Having worked in the country for three years,he knew how to grow vegetables.在乡下工作了三年之后,他学会了种蔬菜123Having suffered such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.已经遭受了如此严重的污染,现在才清理河道或许太晚了The old man,having seen his son off,came back to the room.老人送走儿子之后,回到了屋里。
Having found out all the details about it,come back to me and report.把所有细节都查得一清二楚之后,你就回来向我报告2)若动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系,用having done;若是动宾关系,则用having been done观察下列句子,说出主语与黑体字部分的关系123Having realized why he had failed in the exam,he made his mind to work harder from now on.认识到考试失败的原因后,他下决心从现在开始要更加努力地学习主语:he关系:主谓Having been given such a good chance,how could he let it pass away?有这样一个好机会,他怎么能让它溜掉呢?主语:he关系:动宾Having been translated into several languages,the book became famous all over the world.被翻译成多种语言之后,这本书闻名世界了。
主语:the book关系:动宾 1233)having done的否定形式是not having doneNot having received a reply,he decided to write again.没有收到回信,他决定再写一封Not having known her address,I had to telephone her to come over.由于还不知道她的地址,我只好打让她过来1231233.Grammar:Verbs followed by v.-ing or the infinitive with to考点:Verbs followed by v.-ing or the infinitive with to接动词-ing或带to不定式作宾语的动词I decided to ask for my money back.我决定要回我的钱I suggest spending our summer holiday in a seaside town.我建议在海边小镇度过我们的暑假123考点延伸1)有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,例如:afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose,decide,decline,demand,expect,desire,determine,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,threaten,wish等What did they decide to do?他们决定干什么?She failed to pass the exam yesterday.她昨天没能通过考试。
I hope to be back soon.我希望早点回来Sometimes the boy pretended to be asleep.有时候那个男孩子假装睡着了1232)有些动词或动词短语后只跟动词-ing作宾语,例如:acknowledge,admit,advise,appreciate,avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,mention,miss,risk,suggest,give up,look forward to,put off,insist on,feel like,set about,be used to,devote oneself to,have a hard time(in),have difficulty/trouble(in)等Would you mind opening the window?请您开一下窗户好吗?We can finish building the bridge before the end of next month.我们可以在下个月底之前建好这座桥。
If you insist on doing something,do it every day.如果你坚持做某件事,那就每天做1233)有些动词后既可接不定式作宾语,又可接动词-ing作宾语,且词义相同,例如:prefer,hate,begin,start,continue,cease等After the teacher left the classroom,the students began to do/doing their homework.老师离开教室后,学生们开始做作业They continued to read/reading English.他们继续读英语1234)有些动词后既可接不定式作宾语,又可接动词-ing作宾语,但词义不同例如:remember,forget,regret,try,mean,cant help,go on,stop等翻译下列句子,体会黑体部分的用法He forgot to turn off the light in the office,so the light was on the whole night.翻译:他忘记关办公室的灯了,所以灯亮了一整夜。
He forgot turning off the light in the office,so he went back to turn it off,only to find the light was not on.翻译:他忘记已经关掉了办公室的灯,于是他又回去关灯,却发现灯没亮着I didnt mean to hurt you.翻译:我不是有意要伤害你123Missing this train means waiting for another two hours.翻译:赶不上这趟火车就意味着还要再等两个小时I regret to tell you that you failed in the exam.翻译:我很遗憾地告诉你,这次考试你没及格I regret telling her the news.翻译:我后悔告诉她这个消息了5)动词-ing形式在deserve,need,require,want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动,相当于to be doneYour handwriting needs improving/to be improved.你的书法需要提高Your composition requires improving/to be improved.你的作文还要改进。
1231237)I cant stand(work)with Jane in the same office.She just refuses(stop)talking while she works.8)If you think that treating a woman well means always(get)her permission for things,think again.9)I regret(inform)you that you wont be able to attend the class.10)Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs(do)to achieve the final success.答案:1)doing2)locking3)studying4)finding 5)to clean6)playing7)working;to stop8)getting 9)to inform10)doing/to be done。