2019-2020年高中英语必修7Unit1Livingwithtechnology-GrammarandUsageStep 1: General introduction The grammar items in this unit focus on prepositions and prepositional phrases. You are expected to review the usage of some mon prepositions to express time, place and movement, as well as how to use them in different situation. You will also learn that prepositions can be bined with verbs, nouns and adjectives to form prepositional phrases and the ways to use prepositional phrases in various situations. At the same time, you are expected to apply what they have learnt to practice by fulfilling some written tasks.Step 2: Exercises:Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. His father will be back from London＿＿＿a few days.2. The train leaves＿＿＿6：00 p.m., so I have to be at the station＿＿＿5：40 p.m. at the latest?3. ＿＿＿the gate and you’ll find the entrance＿＿＿the park＿＿＿the other side.4. One＿＿＿ five will have the chance to join in the game.5. —— Do you go there ＿＿＿bus? —— No, we go there ＿＿＿a train.6. I made the coat ＿＿＿my own hands. It was made＿＿＿hand, not with a machine.7. The trees ＿＿＿front of the house are ＿＿＿the charge of Mr. Li.8. The old man died＿＿＿ cold ＿＿＿a cold night.9. My uncle lives＿＿＿116 Changhe Street. His room is ＿＿＿the sixth floor.10. I don’t think you can work out the maths problem＿＿＿her help.Keys:1. in 2. at; by 3. At; to; on 4. in 5. by; in 6. with, by 7. in; in 8. of; on 9. at; on 10. withoutStep 3: Explanation and practice:Prepositions are used before a noun or a noun phrase. And when a verb is used after a preposition, it is usually used in its-ing form.1. Revision some mon prepositions of time like at, in, on, for, by and since:2. Revision some mon prepositions of time like at, in, on, above, against, behind, between, by, near, opposite and under:3. Revision some mon prepositions of time like to, across, along, down, into, off, over, out of, past, round, through, under, and up:4. Read the dialogue on Page 8 and fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.Answers(1) for (2) at (3) until (4) by (5) during (6) to1. Prepositions with verbs.Some verbs in English are paired with a particular preposition to create an expression. Each of these expressions has a particular meaning. Even though there are often two or more prepositions paired with the same verb, each expression has a different meaning and they cannot be used interchangeably. For example, look at, look for, and look up have the same verb but three different prepositions. The phrases have different meanings and you cannot use look up when you need look for in your sentence.speak to 和……说话 stay with 和某人呆在一起 think about 考虑有关……write to 给某人写信 look for 寻找 wait for 等待take care of 照顾 call on（sb.）拜访 arrive at（in） 到达2. Prepositions with nounsPrepositions can also be bined with nouns, e.g. in time for, on time, by means of, by accident, for/on sale, in air, on the market, in that case, up to date …at least 至少 at present 目前 at first起初 at once立刻 at last最后（终于）at night夜晚 on foot 步行 on one’s way 在去某地的路上 on the telephone 用on time 准时 on behalf of 代表......利益 for a while 一会儿 for example 例如for oneself 为了自己 for hours（days, years）有好几小时（天，年） in English 用英语in those days在当时 in class 课上 in time 及时 in all 总计 in advance 事前 in the meantime 与此同时 in place 适当地 in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望 in connection with 和……有关 in contact with 和……联系 in addition to 除......以外 in case of 倘若，万一 in conflict with 和......冲突 in force 有效的，大批 in depth 彻底地 in regard to 关于 in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近 in retrospect 回顾，一想起 in the least 一点，丝毫 in alarm 惊慌、担心 in the opinion of 据……见解 in the long run/term 从长远说来 in ones opinion 在……看来 in word 口头上 in a word 总之 in vain 无益地, 白白地 in case 如果，万一，以防 in detail 详细地 in haste 急急忙忙地 in conclusion 总之 in spite of 尽管in honour/memory of 为纪念 in charge of 负责 in praise of 赞扬 in other words... 换句话说 in return 作为回报 in the name of 以......名义in doubt 怀疑 in debt 负债 by the way 顺便说 by oneself 独自地 after school 放学后 of course 当然 at work 在工作 at school在上学 at war 在交战3. Prepositions with adjectivesSome prepositions can also be bined with adjectives, e. g. good at, capable of, fond of, full of, happy with …be absent from 缺席 be proud of 以……为自豪 be different from 和……不同be famous for 因……而著名 be fond of…… 爱好，喜欢 be pleased with 乐于be sorry for（sth.）为……抱歉 be afraid of 害怕…… be kind to 对某人亲切be good at 在……做得好；擅长于…… be late for迟到 be confident in 对 ……有信心be interested in对 ……感性趣4. Now, please plete the introduction to the digital camera on page 9.Answers(1)on sale (2) up to date (3) capable of (4) stands for (5) satisfied with (6) on the market (7) In that case (8) in time for (9) up to (10) agree with For reference: More explanation of Preposition:1. Prepositions of manner and means. The prepositions in (---manner/way), by , with , without , as or like can be used to refer to manner, meaning ‘how one does something’. For example:She spoke in her usual way as if nothing had happened.The teacher came into the classroom, with some books on her hands.The soldier answered the question without hesitation.My aunt makes tea like my mother.He cannot run as quickly as his brother.By can be used to show the meaning ‘by means of ’. For example:They must have broken into the house by the back door.We managed to sell our car by advertising it in the newspaper. I usually go to school by bike.With or without can be used to express using awn instrument to do something.He opened the tin with a knife.I can draw a straight line without a ruler.2. The functions of prepositional phrases ● as an adverbialMy mother has worked in the school for nearly twenty years.To our great surprise, all of the students have passed the exam.My father goes to work on foot, but if it rain, he will go by bus. ● as an attribute The girl under the tree is my good friend.The book with a red cover was given to me as a birthday present.Please pass me the one on the left. ● as an object plement Later, I found my watch in my pocket.I left my book in the classroom.Before it is ready to eat, we’d better keep it in the fridge for a while.3. When a preposition is used after an intransitive verb to form a prepositional verb, the prepositional verb can be followed by an object. For example :Who will look after the children when Mother is away?You can always believe in him. He won’t let you down.Let’s look over the notes before the test.For reference英语介词的用法口诀早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类known to man this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反besides，except分内外，among之内along沿同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分 before、after表一点, ago、later表一段 before能接完成时，ago过去极有限 since以来during间，since时态多变换 与之相比beside，除了last but one 复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞 快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南 but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言 ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合 之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全 in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前 介词短语介词是学习英语的难点之一，特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。