第三人称单数第三人称单数人称代词人称代词 人人称称分类分类 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数复数复数宾格宾格I you you he she it they me us you you him her itthem We第三人称单数现在式情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says结尾为结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音结尾为辅音字母字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,crieshave的第三人称单数现在式是的第三人称单数现在式是has练习练习I.写出第三人称单数：写出第三人称单数：wash washesmatch matchesguess guessesStudy studiesFinish finishesGo goesSnow snowsCarry carries fly watches TV goes to bed does my homeworkfliesstudiesstudy watch TV go to bed do my homeworkhas lunchhave lunchgets updrinks coffeecomes back homebuys foodget updrink coffeecome back homebuy food一一.用所给单词的适当形式填空用所给单词的适当形式填空I usually _(go)running for half an hour at the weekend.2.My mom _(like)watching TV.3.This _(be)my cat.It _(love)me.4._(be)your sister a member of the Reading Club?5.She often _(finish)her homework at 9:00.golikesislovesIsfinishes1.Ben_a new bicycle.A.have B.has C.are D.were2.Kitty_her bicycle to the park.A.ride B.riding C.rides D.ridden3.A man _in front of his car.A.walk B.walks C.walking D.work4.Sams bicycle _a bell.A.have B has C.having D.is having5.The girl _“Excuse me”A.say B.saying C.says D.sayes6.How _it feel?A.does B.do C.are D.is7.Mike_not like his bike.A.do B.is C.does D.are8.He _apples.A.likes B.like C.does D.are9.He_with his nose.A.smelling B.smells C.smell D.is smell10.Lucy_with her hands.A.touch B.touching C.touches D.touchs 1.She _(do)homework by herself.2.Jack _(go)home by bike everyday.3.The man often_ (climb)up the hill.4.Her mum _(run)in the morning.5.He _ (do not)like apple.doesgoesclimbsrunsdoesnt6,Sam_(put)it under his arm.7.The boy_(chase)it.8.Kitty _ (watch)TV everyday.9.He_(feed)them at 8:00 in the morning.10.When _(do)he get up?putschaseswatchesfeedsdoesJack_(love)his mother very much.Mary and Lily_(come)from the same country.The juice(果汁果汁)_(be)in the fridge(冰箱冰箱).“2”_(sound)like“too”.lovescomeissounds5.The tiger_(be)a dangerous animal.6.Shanghai_(be)a modern city.7.Everybody_(know)Jay Chou.8.This_(be)my new pen pal.isisknowsis9.There_ (be)some bread on the table.10.Either I or he_(like)playing soccer.islikes中考语法精讲中考语法精讲被动语态被动语态 被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)1.1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+done am/is/are+done We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.He put on a coat.A coat was put on by him.2.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+donewas/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.3.一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will/be going to+be doneshall/will/be going to+be done They will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrowHe is going to write a letter to his mother.A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.4.4.现在完成时现在完成时has/have+been donehas/have+been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.5.5.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+be doneI can find him.He can be found by me.被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
不知道动作的执行者是谁这块手表是中国制造的这块手表是中国制造的This watch is made in China.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树每年都应该种更多的树Many trees should be planted every year.3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者需要强调或突出动作的承受者世界上越来越多的人说汉语世界上越来越多的人说汉语Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者许多房屋被冲走了许多房屋被冲走了Many houses were washed away by the flood.主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者动作的执行者 （主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）说明：说明：（1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由格，并由byby引导3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式谓语动词变成相应的被动形式补充部分补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义This kind of shirt sells well.2.look,sound,taste,smell等系等系动词用主动表被动意义动词用主动表被动意义例：例：It smells wonderful.Mooncakes taste delicious.3.在在be worth doing中中,doing表被表被动意义例：例：This book is worth reading.4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done 例：例：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。
我的自行车需要修理一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：情态动词情态动词:am/is/are+done 情态动词情态动词+be+done will +be+done was/were +done以下时态的被动语态构成Summary现在完成时：现在完成时：has/have+been+doneTask 4课堂练习（一）改写句子1.We plant trees in spring every year._ by us in spring every year.2.She posted the letter yesterday._ by her yesterday.3.Mr Turner gave me a birthday present._a birthday present by Mr Turner.5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow._ by you tomorrow.6.She is going to write a letter._ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written 1.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2.The fifth generation computers,_and perfected now.A.developed B.have developed C.are being developed D.will have been developed 3.-_ the sports meet might be put off -Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4.I need one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 5.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 6.The new bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed7.When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.was broken D.had been broken DCBC8.Great changes _ in the city,and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place;have been set up B.have taken place;have been set up C.have taken place;have set up D.were taken place;were set up 9.That suit _ over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is costed D.cost 10.-Look!Everything here is under construction.-Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A.is being built B.has been built C.is built D.is building 11.-Do you like the cloth?-Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt BDAC12.It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13.I have no more letters _，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14.Take care!Dont drop the ink on your shirt,for it _ easily.A.wont wash out B.wont be washed out C.isnt washed out D.isnt washing out 15.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go outBCAD16.The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A.belongs B.are belonged to C.belongs to D.belong to 17.-What do you think of the book?-Oh,excellent.Its worth _ a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 18.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 19.This page needed _ again.A.being checked B.checked C.to check D.to be checked 20._ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do it.A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching DCCDB练习:用be动词的正确形式填空.A knife _ used to cut apples.2.The air _ polluted already.3.The rooms _cleaned later.4.The students _ asked to have breakfast.5.They should_ encouraged to study hard.6.Not only he but also I _ punished last night.ishas beenwill be arebewas 一一 用适当的形式填空用适当的形式填空1 History is _ by the people.(make)2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher.(ask)3 The book _ by him last year.(write)4 The radio _ last week.(mend)5 Some trees _ on the hill already.(plant)6 A new subway _(build)next year.7 She _(take)to the hospital already.8 Thousands of satellites _(send)up into the space so far.9 They said they _(invite)to the party already.10 The trains _(produce)in Zhuzhou.11 Young trees should _(water)often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered冠词不定冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词单数可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词名词前可不用冠词三、冠词三、冠词1）表示数量有）表示数量有“一一”的意思，但数的概念没有的意思，但数的概念没有one强。
强如：如：I have a mouth,a nose and two eyes.2）第一次提到某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用第一次提到某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用如：如：Yesterday I saw an old man.Hes Toms father.不定冠词用法不定冠词用法3）表示某个人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物表示某个人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物如：如：A boy was waiting for you.4）.一些常用短语中一些常用短语中如：如：have a good time,half an hour,have a headache.5）用于序数词前）用于序数词前,表示表示”又一又一”如如:The cake is delicious,and I want a second one.l）特指某人或某物特指某人或某物如：如：The book on the desk is mine2）指双方都知道的人或事物指双方都知道的人或事物如：如：Where are the new books，Jim？3）指上文提到过的人或物指上文提到过的人或物如：如：There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.4）用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。
用在世上独一无二的事物名词前如：如：the sun,the sky,the earth,the world,.定冠词的用法定冠词的用法5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前用在序数词和形容词最高级前如：如：The third one is carrying the fewest of all.6）用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前如：如：the Himalaya Mountains,the Yellow River,the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island,etc.7）用在某些建筑物名词前用在某些建筑物名词前如：如：the White House,the Great Hall of the People8）用在姓氏复数形式之前用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示表示“某某一家某某一家”或或“某某夫妇某某夫妇”如：如：the Greens,the Blacks,etc.9）用在西洋乐器名词前用在西洋乐器名词前如：如：the piano,the violin,etc.10）用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物如：如：the old,the poor,the blind,etc.11）用在表示方向位置的名词前。
用在表示方向位置的名词前如：如：in the east,on the right,in the centre,etc.12）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前如：如：the Peoples Republic of China,etc.13）用在某些习惯用语中用在某些习惯用语中如：如：in the morning,by the way,look the same,etc.14)用来表示某个世纪中的几十年代用来表示某个世纪中的几十年代如如:in the 1970s;in the 1970s 在在20世纪世纪70年代年代15)The+比较级比较级+,the+比较级比较级+,越越.就越就越零冠词的用法：零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前泛指的抽象名词前Life is very hard for some people.2.泛指的物质名词前泛指的物质名词前Water is very useful.3.泛指的复数名词前泛指的复数名词前Books are my best friends.4.泛指的泛指的“餐餐”名前Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5.大多数的专有名词前。
大多数的专有名词前He comes from France.6.语言的名词前语言的名词前She can speak French.7.在季节和节日的名词前在季节和节日的名词前Winter is the best time for skating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时当名词前已有一些代词修饰时My brother is a soldier.9.在体育项目的名词前在体育项目的名词前play basketball10.一些常用短语一些常用短语at home,go to school,at night_Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day._Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.A./B.A C.An D.TheA./B.A C.An D.The2.Her daughter began to play_ piano when she was five.Now 2.Her daughter began to play_ piano when she was five.Now shes good at it.shes good at it.an B.a C.the D./an B.a C.the D./3._old man behind Mary is _university teacher.3._old man behind Mary is _university teacher.An;an B.A;the C.The;a D.The;anAn;an B.A;the C.The;a D.The;an4.As we know,England is _European country and Singapore 4.As we know,England is _European country and Singapore is _Asian country.is _Asian country.an;an B.an;a C.a;a D.a;an an;an B.an;a C.a;a D.a;an 5.My aunt likes playing _violin at _night.5.My aunt likes playing _violin at _night./;/B.the;/C./;the D.the;the/;/B.the;/C./;the D.the;the6.Jack is_most careful student,but he isnt _most careful 6.Jack is_most careful student,but he isnt _most careful student in our class.student in our class.A.the;the B.the;a C.a;a D.a;theA.the;the B.the;a C.a;a D.a;the7._science is one of the most important subjects.7._science is one of the most important subjects.A B.An C.The D./A B.An C.The D./4.He met _ friend of his on the road.4.He met _ friend of his on the road.a.a a.a b.the b.the c.an c.an d./d./5.Mr.Black will go back to England_.5.Mr.Black will go back to England_.a.by air a.by air b.by a plane b.by a plane c.by trains c.by trains d.at a traind.at a train1.There is _ apple on the desk.1.There is _ apple on the desk.a a b.theb.the c.an c.an d./d./2.The girl under _ tree is my sister.2.The girl under _ tree is my sister.a a b.theb.the c.an c.an d./d./3.Mary is from _USA3.Mary is from _USAa.a a.a b.the b.the c.an c.an d./d./6.Yesterday i went to _ work on _ foot.6.Yesterday i went to _ work on _ foot./，/b./b./，the c.thethe c.the，/d.thed.the，thethe7.There is _“h”in the word“hour”7.There is _“h”in the word“hour”，but_“h”but_“h”doesnt make a sound.doesnt make a sound.a a，a b.aa b.a，the the c.thec.the，an an d.an.Thed.an.The8.Im going to see my mother.she is ill _.8.Im going to see my mother.she is ill _.in hospital b.in the hospital c.in hospital b.in the hospital c.in a hospital in a hospital d.at a hospital d.at a hospital9.we have three meals _day.we have breakfast at 69.we have three meals _day.we have breakfast at 6：30 in 30 in _morning every day._morning every day.a.thea.the，thethe，b.theb.the，/，c.a c.a，/，d.a d.a，thethe，10.this is_ film Ive told you about several times.10.this is_ film Ive told you about several times.its great.Ive never seen _ more moving one.its great.Ive never seen _ more moving one.a.aa.a，a a b.theb.the，the the c.thec.the，a a d.ad.a，thethe11.Tina11.Tina，could you please play_ piano for me while Im singingcould you please play_ piano for me while Im singing？with pleasure.with pleasure.a.a a.a b.an b.an c.the d./c.the d./12.I want to try again.please give me_ third chance again.12.I want to try again.please give me_ third chance again.a.a a.a b.the b.the c.an d./c.an d./13.whats the matter with you13.whats the matter with you？I caught_ bad cold and had to stay in_ bed.I caught_ bad cold and had to stay in_ bed.a;/a;/b.a;the b.a;the c.a;a c.a;a d.the;thed.the;the14._ sun is shining brightly.14._ sun is shining brightly.a a b.an b.an c.the c.the d./d./15.swimming is_ in summer.15.swimming is_ in summer.a.a great fun a.a great fun b.great fun b.great fun c.great funs c.great funs d.great a d.great a funfun。