2016考研英语二真题及答案解析（完整版）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
[A] 为什么 [B] 哪里 [C] 怎样，多么 [D] 当…时候根据语义分析，C选项填入原文，译为“快乐可能会影响工作是有多么稳定”，C为正确选项2. [标准答案] [B]In particular[考点分析] 上下文语义以及短语辨析[选项分析] [A] 反过来 [B] 尤其是 [C] 相反 [D] 总的来说 根据前文语境，第二段第一句译为“根据近期的研究，拥有更多快乐的人的公司会投资更多”而第二句“_______那些在快乐氛围中的公司会做更多的研发以及发展第二句是在第一句的基础上进一步强调说明，因此B选项更符合语境要求3. [标准答案] [D]necessary[考点分析] 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]充足的 [B] 著名的 [C] 完美的 [D] 必要的 首先，根据本句题干 “That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.”译为“因为快乐与对未来投资有______长远考虑相联系要求填写形容词, 我们要考虑其搭配与其修饰成分。
空格处搭配介词for, 并且修饰“长远考虑”因此D选项最符合语境要求4. [标准答案] [C]optimism[考点分析] 上下文语义及名词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]个人主义 [B] 现代主义 [C] 乐观主义 [D] 现实主义 本题考查同后缀的名词辨析根据原文主旨，探讨“happy people”与公司的关系那么，衡量四个选项，只有C选项符合主旨要求5. [标准答案] [D]change[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]发出回声 [B] 想念，错过 [C] 破坏 [D] 改变 根据原文语境，“would 5 the way companies invested.”本题考查动宾搭配，宾语为“公司投资的方式”只有D选项搭配最为合理6.[标准答案] [B]measured[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]想象 [B] 衡量，测量 [C] 发明 [D] 假定，设想 “So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.”译为“他们把盖洛普咨询公司所_____的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃度进行对比。
根据原文语境，盖洛普咨询公司所做的应该是一个“既定事实”所以排除ACD因此，B选项为最佳选项7.[标准答案] [A]Sure[考点分析] 上下文语义及固定搭配[选项分析] [A]确信的 [B] 奇怪的 [C] 不幸运的 [D] 经常的 本题为固定搭配“sure enough” 译为“足以肯定的是，”8.[标准答案] [D]headquartered[考点分析] 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]广告的 [B] 划分的 [C] 课税过重的 [D]位于总部的 根据原文“ firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . ”译为“足以肯定的是，公司投资与研发力度与公司______的幸福指数相关in which 引导表示地点的定语从句，先行词为area.对比四个选项，ABC不足以说明此地点的真实含义因此，D选项，搭配前文area,构成“总部所在地”最为合理9.[标准答案] [A]explain[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]解释 [B] 夸大 [C] 概述[D]重点强调 根据原文“…or ould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?” A选项 “explain”常和后文 “why” 搭配使用。
10.[标准答案] [B]factors[考点分析] 上下文语义及名词词义辨析[选项分析] [A]阶段 [B] 因素 [C] 等级[D]方法 根据原文语境“To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales…”本题中，破折号后面 “大小，产业，销售”这些都是 “让公司有更多投资的”因素因此，B选项最符合原文语境11.[标准答案] [A] desirable[考点分析] 上下文语义和形容词[选项分析] 该空填的是形容词，用来修饰前面的名词place,并且在意义上也是对后面like growth in wages or population的解释，可以看出来应该是填褒义词，并且能修饰place.所以只有[A]desirable合适的 符合文章[B]social 社交的 [C]reputable 受尊敬的 [D]reliable 可依靠的12. [标准答案] [B]held[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析] 该句算是这一段的总结句，该段整体在描述幸福与投资之间的关系，而这一link就只能得出了，只有[B]held ”得出”符合语境。
A resumed “重新开始”，C emerge “浮现”，D broke “破坏”13.[标准答案] [A] attribute[考点分析] 上下文逻辑关系以及动词词组辨析[选项分析]该空是一个which引导的定语从句的谓语动词所在地，动词的宾语就是前面的主句，强调“幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司”这一结论与后面“所做决定会偏草率”之间的关系，能看出是一个因果关系，因此答案选择[A]attribute 与to 搭配表示“归因于……”，而[B]assign to表示“指派”[C]transfer to“转移到”[D]compare to“与……比较”均不符合题意14.[标准答案] [D] experienced[考点分析] 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析[选项分析] 此处很简单，前面有一个并列连词and, 与前面的young一致修饰managers,强调新公司的领导年轻并缺乏经验，只有[D]experienced最合适15. [标准答案] [C] also[考点分析] 上下文逻辑关系以及副词词义辨析[选项分析]前面说到了“年轻的新经理决策时更容易受情绪影响与后面的“这种关系在员工幸福指数_____的公司尤为明显。
公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门之间很明显是一种递进关系，所以只有[C]also合适16. [标准答案] [D]equally[考点分析] 上下文语义及副词词义辨析[选项分析] 这题是考察副词修饰spread, 但是更要注意的是该句“这种关系在员工幸福指数_____的公司尤为明显公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门中该空与后面的inequality形成复现关系，所以很容易判断出答案选择[D]equally17. [标准答案] [C] while[考点分析] 上下文逻辑关系[选项分析] 该题是典型的考察上下文逻辑关系的题目，因此着力点应该放在上一段和这一段之间的关系这一段第一句明确说出“这并不证明是幸福导致公司大量投资……”，所以两句话之间是一个转折关系，选择while.18. [标准答案] [C]hints[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析] 该题可以看出是考察动词与at的固定搭配，arrive at是“到达，抵达”，jump at是“扑向;欣然接受”hint at是“暗示” strike at是“袭击，攻击”，文章中的at least 和that possibility论证了这是一种可能，只有hint at有这层含义。
19. [标准答案] [A]shape[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析[选项分析] 根据上下文应该选一个“影响”未来看法含义的动词，[B]是“再发现”[C]是“使简化，使单纯”[D]是“分享”所以可以均可以排除，A 是“塑造，形成，影响”，所以A项是最佳答案20. [标准答案] [B]lean towards[选项分析] 上下文语义及动词词组词义辨析[考点分析] 本空考察动词词组，且该词组词义应与and前面意思保持一致，且作用对象为研发[A]pray for 祈祷 [B]lean towards 倾向 [C]give away 放弃，泄露 [D]send out 放出，给予只有[B]选项能表达一种递进含义全文翻译】快乐的人工作起来会有不同他们更多产，更有创造力，也更愿意去冒险近期的一项研究表明快乐也可能会影响公司的工作根据近期的研究报告，在各地的公司里，拥有更多快乐的员工会投入的更多尤其是那些在快乐氛围中的公司会做更多的研发以及发展因为快乐与对未来投资有必要的长远考虑相联系这是因为对未来进行投资需要作出长远决策，而这种决策与快乐相关研究者希望了解乐观精神和随快乐而来的冒险精神是否会改变公司投资的方式。
因此，他们把盖洛普咨询公司所评估出的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃度进行对比足以肯定的是，公司投资和研发力度与公司总部所在地的幸福指数相关但是幸福真的与投资相关吗?或者说幸福指数更高的城市的其他方面能够说明公司为何加大研发投入为了弄清这一点，研究者掌握了多种可能促使公司投资的因素，例如规模，产业，销售，也掌握了各种指标，如适宜居住地，工资涨幅及人口变化了解这些问题后，幸福与投资的关系就能够轻松得出了幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司，这是因为新公司所做决定会偏草率，而且年轻的新经理决策时更容易受情绪影响同样，这种关系在员工幸福指数相同的公司尤为明显公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门然而这并不证明是幸福导致公司大量投资，或者从长远的角度来讲，研究人员认为至少它预示着这种可能性不难想象，本地文化以及情感有助于影响高管对于未来的看法快乐的人比普通人有预见性、创造力、更善于研发这种说法似乎更可信一位研究者说Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A. complete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A. experienceB. academic backgroundsC. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A. compete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.A. challengeB. persuadeC. frightenD. misguide答案：Text 121 答案 B remodel the way of thinking.解析：此题是文中人物观点题。
根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换22 答案 D interest解析：此题是细节题根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案23 答案 A help students learn other computer languages解析：文中人物观点题题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn…appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。
对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换24 答案 C become better prepared for the digitalized world解析：细节题题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现定位句“These kids are…be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think…….the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好C选项“为数字化的未来做更好的准备”是同义概述25 答案 B persuade解析：词义句意题，结合上下文来解题根据coax此单词，定位到最后一段最后一句“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配“persuade…into…”A选项挑战，B选项劝服，C选项使恐慌，D选项误导。
考生做题时一定要注意结合上下文来推测生词的词义，这是命题人的出题 规律Text 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challenge26 答案 A its drastically decreased population解析：此题是原因细节题。
根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens 数量2million和22,000的强烈对比此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 数量的急剧下降为正确答案27 答案 C granted less federal regulatory powers解析：此题是原因细节题根据关键词定位到第二段第四句，They had …, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power. 而But 之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权故而C granted less federal regulatory powers为正确答案28 答案 A agree to pay a sum for compensation解析：推断题题干问的是从第三段推出来：无意伤害的那些人是不会被检举的如果怎么样根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute….as long as ….”，题干中问的if即原文的as long as的同意替换，原文as long as的意思是：只要他们签署了计划。
下一句说道，该计划要求个体和企业去支付基金对应选项A选项“赞同支付赔偿”属于同义替换29 答案 D the states解析：此题是细节题根据关键词定位到第三段最后一句the idea is to let the“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species, Ashe said. 其中in the driver’s seat对应题干中的the leading role, 故而D states为正确答案30 答案 C environmental groups解析：文中人物观点题题干问的是Jay Lininger最可能支持谁，大写人名定位到末段最后一句最后一句提到：生物学家Jay Lininger说道联邦政府要把责任推给导致鸟类灭绝的企业，显然是对政府和企业的反对再往前看一句，指出：企业团体和政府部门观点一致，环境学家与其观点恰巧一致因此，Jay Lininger最支持环境团体的观点了Text 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everyth。