语法：宾语从句( 有 3 种类型）宾语从句：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句 引导宾语从句的引导词有： 1. that 2. if / whether （是否）3.疑问词 what / who/ where/how 等宾语从句的时态：1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者客观事实时，即使主句是 过去时，从句也用一般现在时态一．陈述句形式的宾语从句：引导词 that用 that 引导的宾语从句（宾语从句是陈述句，陈述句包括肯定形式和否定形式） 1.主句部分 : 肯定形式： Sb. + know/ think / believe ……某人 知道 / 认为 / 相信 ……否定形式： Sb.（don’t/doesn ’t/ didn’t）know/ think / believe …… 某人 不 知道 / 认为 / 相信 ……2.从句部分： that + 宾语从句（包括肯定形式和否定形式的陈述句）宾语从句公式：主句+ that + 陈述句（肯定句或否定句） 宾 语 从 句例句:1） I know that the Water Festival is really fun. 我知道泼水节确实很有趣。
主 句 宾 语 从 句2） I don ’t know that he likes English. 主 句 宾 语 从 句我知道他不喜欢英语3）I thought that they were good students. 我认为他们是好学生主句是一般现在时 （ 动词是原形或动词 +s/es ), 从句根据实际情况使用任何时态 练习：把下列句变为宾语从句：1. The movie is interesting.Mary thinks that the movie ____________ interesting.2. They are watching TV.I know that they ________________ watching TV.3. Nick studies hard..We think that Nick _________________ hard.4. Tom will buy a bike tomorrow.I believe that Tom _____________________a bike tomorrow.5.The singers were popular.We know that the singers __________ popular.主句是过去时态 (动词是过去式），从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
1). The team is fantastic.Mary thought that the team ____________ fantastic.(2). They are watching TV.I knew that they _______________ watching TV.(3). Nick studies hard..We thought that Nick _________________ hard.(4). Tom will buy a bike tomorrow.I believed that Tom _____________________a bike tomorrow.（5）She has cleaned the room.I didn’t think that she ___________________ the room.当宾语从句表示的是客观真理或者客观事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态1.Our teacher told us that the earth goes ( go )around the sun. 2.My father said that the sun is ( be ) bigger than the moon.3.My teacher told me the sun rises ( rise )in the east.用动词的正确形式填空：1）I don’t know that he ____________( be ) a reporter.2) I didn ’t know that he ____________( be ) a reporter.3) We know that they __________________( play ) soccer on Sunday.4) We knew that they ___________________( play ) soccer.5) She says that she _________ ( can ) speak three languages.6) She said that she ___________ ( can ) speak three languages.7) Linda thinks that Tom ___________( has ) cleaned the classroom.8) Linda thought that Tom ___________( has ) cleaned the classroom.9) Lucy said that she _____________ ( go ) to the park every Sunday.10) They believe that they _________________( study) hard.11) The teacher told me that the earth ______________ ( go ) around the sun. 12) My father said that the sun _________________ ( rise )in the east. 13) He says he ____________________( study ) hard.二.一般疑问句形式的宾语从句：引导词用if 或 whether（是否）宾语从句是一般疑问句 , 公式：一般疑问句形式变为陈述句主句 I know /don’t know/ wonder /ask + if / whether +陈述句(主语+动词+其他） 我 知道 / 不知道 / 想知道 / 问 是否 宾语从句中去掉 do/does/did注意：宾语从句需要由一般疑问句变为陈述句的语气，助动词 do /does /did 要去掉。
if 可用 whether 来替换 , 但是句末若有 or not 的话，只能用 whether 引导，不能用 if 例句 1： Is she a teacher? 她是老师吗？ (I don ’t know if / whether she is a teacher. 我不知道她是否是老师例句 2： Does Bill watch TV or not?(去掉 does, 在 watch 的后面加 es )I wonder whether Bill watches TV or not.我想知道比尔是否看电视例句 3：Did he go to the park last Sunday?( 去掉 did,把 go 改为 went ）I didn’t know if he went to the park last Sunday.练习：把下列的一般疑问句前加上主句 变为宾语从句：主句是一般现在时（即动词是原形 或 动词+s) ，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态 1. Is he a teacher?I wonder ___________________________________.2. Are they angry or not ?I don ’t know _____________________________________________.3. Will they have zongzi again next year?Bill wonders _________________________________________.4. Do they live in Beijing?We wonder _______________________________________.5. Does he study hard ?Do you know _____________________________________________.6. Can she play soccer or not?Can you tell me _________________________________________?7.I know if Mr.Green _____________( live ) in Beijing.8.We wonder whether your parents ______________(stay ) at home or not. 主句是过去时态 (动词用过去式），从句须用过去时态的某种形式1) Was the weather hot?I wondered ___________________________________.2) Did he go shopping last night ?I didn’t know ___________________ _______________.3) Has they cleaned the room?I knew ___________________________________________.4) Did he study hard ?Did you know _____________________________________________.5) I didn ’t know if Linda _________________( watch ) TV .6) We wondered whether Mr.Green _______________( teach) English or not.三.特殊疑问句形式的宾语从句：引导词是自身的疑问词用疑问词 what/ where/who/why/when/how 等引导的宾语从句 （从句是特殊疑问句）公式：主句 I know/don ’t know/wonder/ask + 疑问词 +陈述句（主语+ 谓语动词+其他）特殊疑问句（去掉 do/does/did)例句 1：What is he doing ? ( 特殊疑问句 )I know what he is doing. (what 后面的句子用陈述句:主语+动词+其他） 例句 2: Which book does she buy?Do you know which book she buys? 练习：把下列句变为宾语从句：1. What are they doing now ？(去掉 does,主语 she 是三单,动词 buy 加 s)I wonder_______________________________________.2. Who is the girl?Can you tell me _____________________________________? 3. Where are the restrooms ?I don ’t know __________________________________.4. Why does the girl study hard?Do you know _____________________________________?5. How do they go to school ?I know ________________________________.6.What activities can you do?I wonder __________________________________________.7. Which picture do they draw?Can you tell me __________________________________________? 8.What time does your sister go to school?I want to know_________________________________________________.9. How can I get to the park?Can you tell me __________________________________________? 10.Where did he play basketball?I wondered ____________________________________________.11.How many apples did they need?We didn’t know ____________________________________________.宾语从句练习：单项选择题：( )1. － Excuse me, can you tell me _____? － At about 8 o’clock. A.what time the plane arrive in Beijing B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing C.what time the plane will reach Beijing D.what time will the plane get to Beijing ( )2. － Could you tell me _____ the Dragon Boat Festival in China?－Sure. People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi. A. when do people celebrate B. why people celebrate (庆祝） C. how people celebrate D.how do people celebrate（ ）3. － Do you know _____? － Yes. It’s on your table.A. where my dictionary is B. where is my dictionaryC. when I bought my dictionary D. where my dictionary are( )4. － Do you know _____? － For a month. （2015 天津）A. how long will she be away B. how long she will be awayC. how soon will she go there D. how soon she will go there( )5. － Do you know _____? － In a month.A. how long will she be away B. how long she will be awayC. how soon will she go there D. how soon she will go there( )6. － I wonder ________. － Yes, of course.（2015 德州） A.where we can buy the parts B.how often you hear form your sister C.if I may have a word with you D.why he arrived late yesterday( )7.Could you tell me _____ a moment ago? （2015 广州）A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking aboutC.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about( )8. －Do you know _____? － Sorry, I don’t know.（2015 娄底）A. how old is he B. how old he isC. how old does he D. How old he is( )9. － Could you please tell me _____?－ About twenty minutes ago. （2015 呼和浩特）A.when did you see this kid B.where did you see this kid C.when you saw this kid D.where you saw this kid( )10.This morning my mother asked me _____. （2015 克拉玛依）A. why he is not here B. where Julia went last weekendC. what time is it D. how did my brother do it( )11. － Excuse me, could you tell me _____? － In five minutes.A. how soon will the film begin B. how soon the film will beginC. how long the film has been on D. how long has the film been on( )12.－Ms. Perry, can you tell me _____? － Africa. （2015 温州）A. what the baby giraffe likes eating B. why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C. when the baby giraffe was born D. where the baby giraffe came from( )13.－Can you tell me _______?－Sure. He lives on Center Street. （2015 襄阳）A.where does he live B.where he livesC.why he lives there D.what does he do( ) 14.I don’t know _____.（2015 益阳） A.where she comes from B.how old is sh C.when was she born D. where does she come from( )15.I don't know ____he will come tomorrow．_____he comes，I'll tell you． A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If( )16．I want to know _________ ．A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is lookingC．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after( )17．Do you know where _________ now？A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live( )18．Do you know what time _________ ？A． the train leave B．does the train leaveC．will the train leave D．the train leaves( )19．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two playersC．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are( )20．I can't understand _________ ．A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does meanC．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means( )21. He said _____ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.A. that B. where C. which D. what( )22. I want to know________.A. what color does he like B. what he likes colorC. what color he likes D. what color he like。