同义替换（1）同义替换表原词候选替换词原句people, personsindividuals, characters, folksMany people do not accept it as a good idea that…goodpositive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding He puts forward a good plan that…baddreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的) be less impressiveFrankly to say, this kind of idea is bad.manyan army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,“many, if not most”Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea thatsomea slice of, quiet a few, severalQuite a few people hold the idea that…thinkharbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged thatHe thinks that…thingaffair ,business ,matter He had a lot of things to monshared For these people, their common idea is that Get good resultreap huge fruits, fruitful Our plan would gets us good result.in my opinionfor my part ,from my own perspective In my opinion, we should…more and moreIncreasing(ly),growingMore and more people think that…sth has gained more and more popularityhardlylittle if anything, 或little or nothing代替We can hardly find the advantage of his plan. helpful beneficial rewardingHis advice is helpful. His hard word is helpful to his success. customershopper, client, consumer, purchaser,Many customers made the complaint that…veryexceedingly, extremely He works very hard, so…necessaryhardly unnecessary, indispensable It is necessary for us to…be interested in sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb She is so interested in hiking. attract one's attention.capture one's attentionbe obsessed by(被…迷住) This theory attracted our attention. Be busy withBe occupied in Recently, he has been busy with doing chores. causegive rise to, lead to, result in, trigger His absence caused our failure. There are several reasons for sthThere are several reasons behind sth There are several reasons for people’s disappointment about…Must(动词) A must （名词）We must take actions to…pay attention topour attention into, attention be given toMany people pay attention to the idea that…rememberbear in mind that When taking about…, we should remember that…havepossess He had a huge house. This idea has the advantage that …be against , disagree with frown on sthAs a matter of fact, many people disagree with the idea that…for exampleto name only a few, as an example He like all kinds of sports, for example, swimming, hiking and playing football. useEmploy Different methods have been used to …spendOccupy We had spent three days to finish the job.Action, measuremovesWe should take actions to stop that.improvebetterThis book could better your understanding of Chinese culture. Improve, developperfectWe should do something to perfect our plan.Better than Dwarf, witherHis excellent performance really dwarfed/withered ours.（2）常用非正式和正式表达对照表非正式正式ableCapable, in a(ny) position all the timeContinuously, continually, constantly, perpetuallya lotMarkedly, noticeably, considerably, a great deal, substantiallya lot ofMany, numerous, a wide variety of, a whole range of, a wide spectrum of, an abundance ofalwaysinvariablyamountquantityas a resultconsequentlyas good asPractically, virtuallyat hand, thereavailablebasicallyEssentially, in essence, substantiallyBe, amount toconstituteBecome smallerBe on the decline, be on the decrease, decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, recede Become worsedeterioratebeforePrior tobegincommencebettersuperiorBe(come) used toBe(come) accustomed tobigMajor, significant, substantialCarry outConduct, execute, commit, implement, perpetratechangeAlter/alteration, modify/modificationDeal withAddress, discuss, examinedoConduct, transactDo notFail to, omit toDo withoutDispense withEnd conclusionenoughAmple, sufficient, adequateeverywhereUbiquitous, pervasivefairlyComparatively, moderatelyFind outAscertain, discern, discoverfittingProper, appropriatehatredanimosityhaveContain, be equipped with, possessIf In the event of, in case(of)In the endEventually, finally, ultimatelyKeep(doing)Continue, continually, continuously, consistently, constantly, persist inknowBe aware of, conversant with, familiar withlatersubsequentLess and lessDecreasing(ly)Let, allowpermitlikeTo be partial to sth; also below, likinglikingPredilection for sth; also partiality for sthlongExtensive, protracted, prolongedLook atConsider, examine, explore, investigate, observe, scrutinizemeanInvolve, entailmoneyFunding, funds, resourcesMore and moreincreasinglymuchConsiderably, substantiallyneedDemand, requireNext toadjacentnowAt present, at this juncture, at this moment, currentlyoftenFrequent(ly) Quick(ly)Rapid(ly), prompt(ly)Rich, wealthyAffluent, opulentrightAppropriate, correct, properRough(ly)Approximate(ly)Set upEstablish, institutesharpAbrupt, drasticshowDemonstrate, evince, manifestsideaspectsizeMagnitude, dimensionssmallMinor insignificant, marginalthereforeconsequentlythingElement, aspect, object, factor, considerationtooExcessively, inordinately, undulyToo littlepovertyToo manyAn excessive number of, a disproportionate number ofToo muchExcessive(ly)tryAttempt, endeavour, striveunderstandappreciateunneededSuperfluous, redundantUps and downsvicissitudesveryExtremely, in the extreme, immensely, intenselywithoutDevoid ofyieldproduce（3）亮点词汇俗雅aboutas tosolvetackle/grapple withbecause of attribute to /ascribe tosatisfymeet /tailor to/cater for/+sb.finally end up doing/end with rightmake sense differencedistinctiondifficultChallenging/ laboriousfast-growingburgeoning populationmake truefulfill (potential / promise / dream)opposefrown on showmirror/embodyaccording to in the eyes ofaffecthinderage eraaimtarget and so onthe likeappearmushroom/spring up/sprout upaskconsultaspectsphereattracttempt/appeal tobasisfoundationbe able tobe capable tobe convenientat one’s conveniencebe obviousit goes without saying that…/it is arguable that be risingskyrocket/rocket/soarbe surprised atbe amazed atbecause ofdue tobeforeoriginalbuildfound / put up / shapechangemodify/shift / fluctuationchange with vary withcheatingdeceptionclearevident / self-evidentcome fromstem from controlin the grips of cooperatejoin hands withdecidedeterminedeepprofound/far-reachingdevelopcultivate / build updiligentindustriousdogo in for / carry outeat lessgo on a dietemphasisPut a high value on/ treasure v/value v/ cherish vEnablefacilitateencourageSpur sb. on to /motivateendangerjeopardizeenoughadequateexplainunravel the mystery of /account for/ be responsible for fameprestigefamousprominentfamous peoplegalaxyfeelingpassion / sentimentsfocus oncenter onforeverpermanentget rid ofeliminategive / supplyprovide… withpay attention togive priority toglobaluniversalgo onbring forwardgoalheart’s desiregood studentstop studentsgreetingsregardshappinesswell-beingHavepossess/enjoyimportantessential / vitalimproveenhance / boost / upgradejoboccupation / employmentjoinconnect / participate / take part inkeepmaintain / hold ontokill oneselfcommit suicideknowgrasp / be aware of / know aboutknowledgecommandleavedepart fromlimitconfineloadburdennot knowbe ignorant ofnumberdata / statisticsproducegenerateprogressbreakthroughpurposemotive附录2：名词动用表名词动词例句table桌子开会时延期讨论提案等，也就是暂缓审议We are tabling this matter until further notice．我们延期讨论这件事，以后再说。
pride荣誉感到得意或自豪I have long prided myself on being a good teacher．我一向以身为一名称职的老师而自豪carpet地毯覆盖The flower girls carpeted the floor with rose petals before the bride’s entrance．新娘进来前，花童将玫瑰花瓣撒满了地板coat外套覆盖，包裹The ground is coated with snow. 白雪覆盖大地floor地板踩足汽车的油门，加速开车或使人惊讶When you see a police car，don’t floor it．当你看到警车时，别开快车 The news really floored me；I hadn’t been expecting it at all．这个消息真使我不知所措，完全出乎我的意料 top顶端做得更好，或高过某人If he had tried harder，he could have topped his class．假如他以前用功些，他会在班里名列前茅的 our plan surely tops his.我们的计划当然比他的计划好。
flag旗帜打旗号或做手势来传达讯息The beach life-guards usually flag one another for communication．海滨救生员通常用旗号传达讯息 When my car broke down，I flagged a police car．当我的汽车抛锚的时候，我打了个手势招来一辆警车 bridge桥梁、桥牌连接或沟通The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children．父母都在设法弥合与儿女的代沟 soldier士兵不畏困难，坚持下去we have to soldier on under the hardest conditions．我们在最艰难的情况下，仍要勇敢前进 duck鸭子逃避、躲避、回避His speech was full of generalizations，and ducked all the real issues．他的讲话全是泛泛而谈，回避了所有实质性的问题 chair椅子、主席（chairperson）担任主席、主持She will chair the math department next semester．下学期她将担任数学系主任。
doctor医生、大夫篡改、对……做手脚They were charged with doctoring the election results．他们因篡改选举结果而受到控告 these pictures have been doctored by some journalists. 这些照片是经过某些记者加工的cushion坐垫缓和或降低对某事的撞击或震动Powerful shock absorbers cushion our landing．有效的缓冲装置缓解了我们着陆时的冲撞力 sandwich三明治夹在…之间The school is sandwiched by a hospital and a cinema. 这所学校位于医院和电影院之间quietAdj. 安静使…安静；平息Time has quieted his anger at his children.时间冲淡了他对孩子的不满betterAdj.更好的使…变得更好；提高We all come here to better our English.我们都是来这儿提高英语的cap帽子完成、使圆满完成（或结束）之意，同时也有限额、约束或制止之意What’s the one thing you want to cap your stage career with before retirement？在退休前，你特别希望做一件什么事来圆满结束你的舞台生涯呢？ Our school will cap the white student enrollment to promote its diversity programs．本校为了促进生源的种族多元性，对白人学生的生源加以了限制。
corner角落将某人逼入困境或令人无地自容Finally，the escaped criminal was cornered．那名逃犯最终走投无路了 dwarf 侏儒使…相形见绌His speech dwarfed hers. 与他的演讲相比，她的演讲相形见绌distance距离冷淡、疏远或与某人保持距离It is difficult for him to distance himself from her．对他来说，疏远、冷淡她是很困难的 book书本预订飞机座位、机票、旅馆房间等Yesterday he booked a flight to Nanjing．昨天他预定了到南京的机票 house房屋供给住所The farmer has housed the horse in the barn．农夫把他的马圈在马厩里 radio收音机用无线电发送讯息，广播，发报Every ship is required to radio its position．要求每一条船用无线电报告各自所在位置air空气转播The final match of NBA is being aired live from Huston.正从休斯敦直播NBA总决赛。
Pen 笔用笔写He pens down some words on the note book.他往笔记本上写了几个字ship轮船船运The two pandas will be shipped to Taiwan province next week. 两只熊猫下周运往台湾省map地图规划，描述Can you map the development of evolution theory?你能描述一下进化论的发展情况吗？Picture 图片描绘、描述、想象Can you picture what will happen to this city in twenty years?你能想象二十年后这座城市会发生什么吗？。