原文请参见国家引发的有关资料Teachｉng Progｒam ｏf Physｉcs of Full-time Orｄiｎａry Ｓeｎiｏr Mｉｄdle Sｃhoｏl oｆ China（Teｎｔative ｒevised eｄitioｎ)ﻩPhｙsｉcs ｉs a ｂasic sｃｉence and the fouｎdation oｆ deveｌopmeｎt of ｔhe whｏlｅ natural scｉenｃｅ ａnｄ ｍodern technoｌogy, so ｉｔ plays an inｄispenｓable part in thｅ ｋｎoｗｌeｄgｅ-oriｅnｔｅd economy Physiｃs knowledｇｅ is ｗｉdｅｌy applieｄ ｉn modｅrｎ life， socｉａl ｐroductiｏn， sciｅｎce aｎd ｔeｃhnology. The ｐhｙｓicaｌ ａppｒoach tｏ ｒesｅａrch ｉs of unｉveｒsal siｇｎｉｆicanｃe tｏ the exploration of the naｔure． Foｒ stuｄｅnts at tｈe stage of senioｒ mｉddle school, the learniｎg oｆ ｂasｉｃ knoｗleｄgｅ of ｐhｙsics anｄ its ｅxperｉmeｎtal skiｌls， the training ｏf scｉentific metｈodｓ aｎｄ ｓcieｎtiｆiｃ thiｎking and ｔhｅ nurtuｒinｇ of sｃientｉfic attｉｔude ａnd scienｔiｆｉc sｔylｅ， are ｖerｙ iｍportant ｉｎ ｅｎhancing thｅir cuｌｔuｒal qｕａlitｙ， eｎabliｎg tｈｅm to ａdapt ｔhemselvｅs tｏ modern life ａnｄ continue the study of science and ｔecｈnoｌｏｇy. ﻩPｈysicｓ coursｅ iｓ a major cｏurse in ordinarｙ ｓenｉor ｍiｄdle schｏol． Tｈｅ ｔeaching ｏf pｈysｉｃs shｏｕｌｄ fｏｌlｏw ｔhｅ ｓtrategic thiｎking of “ｅducation shoｕｌd face mｏdernizaｔｉon, face the ｗｏrld ａnd face thｅ fｕturｅ”, implｅmｅｎt thｅ educationaｌ ｐｒｉnciple oｆ thｅ ｓtaｔe and mａｋe bｅtter cｏntributionｓ ｔo tｈｅ fulfｉｌｌmｅnt ｏf the ｔasｋs anｄ ｔhe ａiｍ of ordiｎａｒy ｓｅnior middle scｈool。
I. Teａchｉnｇ Aim(1) Ｔo leｔ students learn tｈe baｓic knowleｄgｅ oｆ phｙｓics ｃｏmｐｒehｅｎsively anｄ itｓ pracｔicaｌ ａｐplｉcationｓ， aｎd unｄeｒstａnd the reｌationship beｔweeｎ physics ａnd ｏther ｂranches ｏf learnｉnｇ， and the rｅlatioｎshiｐ betｗeen phyｓｉｃｓ anｄ technological ｐrogｒess anｄ social ｄｅｖｅloｐment as wｅll2) Ｔo lｅt sｔｕｄｅnts gｅｔ tｒaiｎｉng ｉn scｉentific mｅthods ａnd cultivate their abilｉties in ｏbｓervation， ｅxpｅｒｉmenｔation, scienｔific ｔhinkiｎg， problｅm aｎalysｉs anｄ solｕtiｏn. (3) Ｔo fostｅr sｔｕdentｓ’ aｓpｉｒation ｔoｗards science sｔuｄy and tｈeｉr dowｎ—ｔo—ｅarｔｈ ａtｔiｔｕde， let ｔｈeｍ build up a sensｅ of inｎovaｔion ａnd oｆfｅｒ education in ｄiａlecｔiｃａl mａteriａｌｉsm ａｎd pａtrioｔism as well. II. Couｒｓe Arｒanｇeｍent Thｉs ｐroｇｒam prｏviｄes the teaｃｈiｎg ｃoｎtｅnts anｄ reqｕｉｒｅments of ｔwｏ ｃategoｒies ｏｆ phｙsics so as tｏ meet ｔhｅ ｄeｍands ｏf ｓｔudｅnts ｗitｈ dｉffeｒｅnt ｉｎteｒｅsts and advantａｇes. Cｏmｐulsｏry Phｙsics Couｒse It is ｔhe ｐhｙsics in ｔhｅ ｂasｉｃ reｑｕｉrｅmenｔ, and compｕｌsorｙ for aｌl students， cａｌled Cｌass I Ｐｈysicｓ fｏｒ ｓhoｒt．Coｍpｕｌsory Plus Ｅｌeｃtiｖe Pｈyｓics Coｕrｓe It is tｈe ｐhysicｓ ｉn the hｉｇhｅr reｑuｉrement， ｓuitable for studeｎtｓ ｗitｈ a better fｏuｎｄatiｏｎ， called Ｃlａsｓ ＩI Physiｃｓ ｆoｒ short。
III. Deterｍination ｏｆ Ｔｅａｃhiｎg CｏnｔentsＴhe tｅａching ｃontents shoｕlｄ help ｔｏ enｈance the stｕdｅnts’ quality in scｉｅnｃe anｄ cultｕｒｅ， ａnｄ help ｔheir fｕrｔher stuｄy so ａs to mｅｅt the needs fｏr taｌｅnts in thｅ 21sｔ centuｒｙThｅ ｏｒdｉｎary sｅnior mｉｄdle school serves a high-ｌevｅled ｂａsic educatiｏn. The pｈysiｃｓ iｎ ｓｅnｉoｒ midｄle scｈoｏl ｓhouｌd emphaｓize the fouｎdaｔion aｎd takｅ tｈｅ ｍost impoｒｔaｎt aｎd ｍost fuｎｄamentaｌ knowleｄｇe aｓ the ｍain cｏnｔeｎｔs ｏf the course Ｔhｅ teacｈｉng ｃontｅｎts shouｌｄ be ｃｏnstanｔly reｎｅwed with the tiｍｅｓ. Tｈe relaｔiｏnsｈｉp ｂetwｅen claｓsicaｌ phyｓiｃｓ ａnd mｏdｅrn physiｃs shoｕld be ｈａndleｄ well， thｅ cｏntenｔs ｏf ｍoderｎ ｐｈysics ｓhoulｄ be adｄeｄ pｒoperｌy and atｔｅnｔioｎ ｓhoｕｌd be paid ｔo the ｉｎfilｔrａtiｏｎ of ｖiｅwｐｏints oｆ modern ｐhｙsics iｎ tｅaching ｏf claｓsiｃal physicｓ ｓo as to open the stｕｄeｎts’ thｉｎkinｇ and viｓioｎ。
Ｐhysicｓ ｋnｏｗｌeｄge haｓ ｗｉde ａpｐlicatioｎｓ ａnd ｔhe tｅaｃhiｎg contents oｆ ｓenior middle ｓchｏol sｈouｌd incｌude the ｐracticaｌ knｏｗleｄge closelｙ coｎnectｅd to fundaｍentａｌ ｋnoｗledｇｅ Sｔｕdents shｏｕld be enlｉghｔｅned to unｄｅrstanｄ tｈe physical pｒincｉples iｎ ｐractｉcal prｏｂｌems Achiｅｖeｍents in moderｎ ｓｃｉence clｏsely assｏciaｔｅd ｗith tｈe fundameｎtal kｎoｗledgｅ should be ｉntroｄuceｄ tｏ thｅm Ｓtudeｎtｓ ｓhould ｎｏt oｎly ｋnow the ｃonclusiｏns in physicｓ knowlｅdgｅ, ｂuｔ alｓｏ learn aｂout the prｏcess of the generatｉon anｄ deｖｅloｐment of knｏwlｅdｇｅ and ｋnｏw hｏw mankiｎｄ’ｓ cognition on ｔhe natｕrｅ hａs ｂeｅn deeｐeｎｉｎg steｐ by step. Somｅ ｈistorical baｃkｇrｏund and ｔhe ｅｖolution of physｉcal thinｋing ｓhouｌｄ be iｎtroduced ｉn the ｔeaching ａs ｗelｌ. The ａrｒangｅmenｔ oｆ ｔhe ｔeａcｈing cｏｎtenｔｓ should ｂｅ rｅasonabｌe in ｑｕantity and degree ｏf diffｉcｕlty, and aｌloｃatｉon of teaｃhiｎｇ hoｕrs shｏｕｌd ｂe flexibｌe sｏ as to guａrantee studenｔｓ’ liveｌy ａnd aｃtive study aｎd development。
IV. Points of Attenｔｉoｎ iｎ Teaｃｈing(1) Guide sｔudｅnts ｉn ｔheiｒ ｅｎthusiasｔic ａnｄ ａｃtive sｔudy and cultｉvate ｔheir habit ａnｄ ability ｏf inｄｅpendenｔ thinｋinｇConstantly rｅｆorｍ teａchｉng metｈｏds, ｃａｒefuｌｌｙ ｓｔudy studeｎｔs’ psycｈｏlogicａl cｈaracteristiｃs and laｗ oｆ ｃognｉtion, bｅ goｏｄ ａt enｌiｇhtｅning their thiｎｋｉng and arouse tｈeir ｉnterｅst in leaｒnｉng ｓo aｓ tｏ enaｂle theｍ to acqｕire kｎowｌedge anｄ abilities eｎｔhｕsiasｔically ａnｄ aｃｔively. Ｅncouｒaｇe studenｔｓ ｔo ａir ｔheir ｖiews and cultiｖａte tｈeｉr queｓｔioniｎg hａbｉｔ． Start from ｔhe acｔual ｃonｄitionｓ， sｕit the teaｃhing to ｔhe ability oｆ the sｔudeｎts, and raise ｄiffeｒent demaｎds for diffeｒeｎt stuｄenｔs so as ｔo enａble them ｔo ｌearn anｄ develoｐ in an ｅnthusiaｓtiｃ, ｉnitiatｉvｅly aｎｄ ｅｆfｅｃｔiｖｅ ｗａy. Foster the ｓtudents’ haｂit and ａbiliｔy to think ｉndeｐeｎdenｔlｙ. Thｅ ｔeacher shｏｕｌd not ｌｅcturｅ ｔｏｏ ｉntensiｖely， shoulｄ ｌeave rｏｏm foｒ students to think, ｐroｂe and ｅxplｏre ｆｏｒ ｔhemselvｅs. Ｇｉve encouragｅｍｅｎｔ and guidａnce ｔo them in tｈeir activｅ ａnd indepｅｎdent probing into questions． Guｉde them tｏ maｓteｒ the cｏrrｅct learning meｔhoｄｓ， learn how to rｅaｄ thｅ teｘtbook propeｒly anｄ ｓum up the knoｗｌeｄge they havｅ leaｒｎed。
Try to iｍｐrove students’ ａbilｉｔy ｔo aｃquire new knowleｄｇｅ aｎd enablｅ them to colｌeｃt iｎｆｏｒmatｉon and broadeｎ their ｋｎowlｅdge indeｐｅndｅｎｔly (2) Ｓｔress the teacｈing of phyｓiｃal concｅpｔｓ and laｗsEmphasis sｈｏuld be given to tｈe ｐroｃｅsｓ oｆ estａblｉsｈｍent of the conceptｓ and laws， and ｔo ｔhe uｎderstａndｉnｇ of thｅm Ｅnable stuｄｅntｓ ｔo ｂｅ cleａr ａｂout tｈe physｉcａｌ faｃtｓ oｎ whiｃｈ tｈｅ coｎcｅｐｔs and lawｓ are ｂａsed, unｄerstand the ｍｅａniｎgs of the conｃeptｓ ａnd laｗｓ， underｓtand ｔhe conditiｏｎｓ to which tｈｅ laｗｓ aｐply, and knｏw the ｄｉstiｎction and connｅctｉｏn betwｅen ｒelevａnt branｃｈes oｆ knｏwledｇe． The teacｈing ｏf coｎｃeptｓ aｎd laｗs sｈｏuld be cｌear iｎ thｅ way of tｈiｎｋｉｎｇ sｏ ａｓ ｔｏ maｋｅ ｓｔudents knｏw their oｒｉgiｎ aｎd ｄｅｖelopｍenｔ， reａlly understanｄ tｈｅ truth in ｔｈem aｎｄ masｔer ｔhe mｅthodｓ tｏ rｅｓeaｒｃｈ。
Emｐhasｉｚｅ the applｉｃation of tｈe coｎcepｔs and ｌawｓ in real life， enaｂlｅ studeｎts to uｓe tｈe pｈyｓｉcal ｋnoｗleｄge they hａvｅ lｅａrｎed to eｘｐlａin phenｏmena, aｎalyze and sｏlve actual problｅｍｓ so as to ｃoｎsoｌiｄａte tｈeir kｎowｌedgｅ in its applicａtｉon, dｅｅｐeｎ theiｒ undeｒstanｄing of the ｃoｎcｅｐts ａnｄ laｗs， aｎd raisｅ theiｒ ａbiｌiｔy ｔo aｎalyze and soｌvｅ probleｍs in ｒeａl liｆe． Ｗhat is ｔhｅ main aｎd what iｓ the sｅｃonｄarｙ shoｕld be ｃleaｒly dｉsｔingｕisheｄ frｏm eａch oｔher in teachiｎｇ, and tｈｅ ｋey pointｓ ｓｈould ｂe eｍphａsized。
Ｋey concｅpts and laws should be ｔaugｈt bｅttｅr ａnd sｈouｌd bｅ fully ｕｓed ｔo dｅｖeloｐ ｔｈe sｔuｄentｓ’ ｉntellｉｇence， cultｉvatｅ their abiｌitｙ and foster tｈeｉr ｓpiriｔ of scｉencｅ Ａt the same time, pａy attention ｔo ｔhe stｅp-by—step develoｐment， foｒ ｋnoｗledge shｏuｌd be expaｎded aｎｄ deepenｅd step ｂy sｔep and aｂｉlity sｈould bｅ impｒoｖeｄ sｔep by step ａｓ welｌ． Ｔhe eｍpｈaｓiｓ ｉn class teaching ｓhoulｄ be lａｉd on ｔhe understａndiｎg of thｅ cｏncepts ａｎd ｌａws, insteａd of doｉｎg too mａｎy exercisｅ ｑuestｉｏns Oｆ coｕrse， it ｉｓ ｎeｃessａry to dｏ ａ ｃertａin numｂer of quｅsｔions ｉn pｈysicｓ studｙ, ｂｕt the quantiｔｙ and deｇree oｆ difｆiculｔy of thｅ questions shｏuld be sｕitaｂlｅ fｏr thｅ ａctual coｎditiｏn oｆ tｈe ｓtuｄeｎｔs， ａnｄ ｉｔ is ｎoｔ proper to seek the nｕmbｅｒ of quｅsｔions． Ｌet stuｄents uｎderstaｎd ｔhat, independenｔ thinｋiｎg is neｅｄｅｄ ｉn proｂlｅm ｓolviｎｇ； mechａnicａlly ａpｐｌｉcatｉon ｏf somｅ set typｅ iｓ ｎot good. Oｎly in thｉs ｗａｙ ｃan tｈeir aｂiｌity can be impｒoｖed。
3) Emｐhaｓize deｍｏnｓtraｔiｏn anｄ ｓｔudenｔs' eｘｐerimeｎtatｉoｎObservatiｏn of pheｎomｅnａ, demoｎstration of phenomenａ ａｎd experｉmeｎtaｔion by tｈｅ stｕｄenｔs maｙ enａｂle ｔｈｅ sｔudenｔｓ ｔo acｑuiｒe sｐecｉfｉc and cｌｅar ｋnowｌedgｅ, whiｃh ａｒe ｔｈe fｏuｎｄaｔionｓ foｒ ｕｎderstandinｇ of coｎceｐtｓ anｄ lａwｓ． Observation anｄ expeｒimenｔation plaｙ ａn ｉndispｅnsable role iｎ cultivatiｏn oｆ sｔudents’ aｂｉlｉｔiｅs ｉｎ ｏbｓeｒvａtion anｄ ｅxperimeｎtａtion， foｓteriｎｇ of tｈｅｉr down—to—eａｒth aｔtiｔｕde ａnd ａrousing of tｈeｉr intｅｒest in lｅａrｎiｎｇ． Ｔheｒefoｒe， ｉt is neｃessaｒy to streｎgthen demonｓtratioｎ ａnd ｓｔuｄｅnts’ exｐｅrｉmenｔation by all mｅans. Aｌｌ the demonstｒation experiments ａnd stｕdents’ expeｒiments sｐｅcｉｆied in ｔhｉs proｇram ｓhould be done ｗｅll。
Ｉｎ addｉtｉｏｎ to dｅmonｓtｒaｔiｏn expeｒimｅｎts, ｔhe conｔenｔs ｏｆ ｄemonsｔratｉon should also incluｄe ｈangiｎg chａrtｓ， moｄelｓ， pｒojectiｏｎs anｄ sｌiｄe shｏws， ｅtc． Ｍodern ｔeaching means sｕch as the compuｔｅr ｓhｏuld be broｕght inｔo ｆuｌl pｌay．Tｈe reqｕiremｅnts iｎ thｅ ｅｘｐeｒiｍｅntｓ by the studeｎts must be ａttaｉnｅd． Scｈooｌｓ wｉth beｔter ｃｏｎditｉons should add sｏme eｘperｉmentｓ ｆoｒ tｈe ｓtudentｓ, espeｃｉaｌｌy sｏｍe eｘpeｒiments ｏf aｎ eｘｐloriｎg nature． The teaｃher shoulｄ ｔry ｈis ｂest to caｒry foｒward stuｄｅnts’ enｔhｕsiａsm and initiativｅ iｎ the ｅxｐｅriment， and offｅr betｔer gｕｉｄａｎｃe tｏ them. Ｅncourａgｅ stｕdeｎｔs to think carefuｌly， uｓe ｂｏth theｉr ｈands ａnd ｂraｉnｓ， bｅ abｌe to operate iｎdeｐeｎdentlｙ ａnd ｂｅ gｏod at cｏoperａting wiｔｈ otherｓ aｓ welｌ. Teach studentｓ to ａbide ｂy the rｕlｅｓ of thｅ laboｒatoｒy. (4) Ｓtreｎgtheｎ the cultivaｔiｏn oｆ ａbiliｔieｓIn teachinｇ of phｙsiｃs， ａtteｎtiｏn ｍｕsｔ be ｐaiｄ to the cuｌtivatｉoｎ oｆ studeｎts’ aｂilitｉes in many aspｅctｓ。
Strengtheｎinｇ ｔhｅ cｕlｔiｖation of ａbiｌｉｔieｓ iｓ a mａjor tasｋ in ｐhysiｃｓ ｅdｕｃatiｏn． Thａt traｄiｔionaｌ ｔeaching idea ｏｆ ｐurely pasｓｉｎg on knoｗledｇe shｏuld be doｎe away witｈ. On the otheｒ haｎd， it is not ｇood ｅitｈer to instｉll ｔhｅ methoｄｓ aｎd abｉlitiｅs inｔo thｅ mｉndｓ of ｔhe studｅnｔs as a kiｎd of new ｋnowlｅdge， whiｃｈ canｎot ｒeally improvｅ tｈeir abiｌities, either． Ｔhe cultｉvation ｏf ｓｔudenｔｓ’ obseｒｖiｎｇ abilitｙ and experimentｉng ａbｉlｉty sｈould be ｄｏne throuｇh oｂservａtｉon of ｐheｎomeｎa and deｍｏｎsｔｒａｔｉｏns, aｎd thrｏugh thｅｉｒ ｏwn exｐerimｅｎｔs。
The obsｅrvｉnｇ ａbility to be cｕltｉvated ｂasicallｙ meａns the follｏwing aｓｐecｔｓ: able ｔo ｏbseｒvｅ ｏｎ ｐurposｅ, aｂle tｏ disｔinｇuish tｈe main feａtｕrｅs of thｅ object of ｏbservａtion， ａｎｄ aｂle ｔｏ know tｈe ｃhanginｇ procesｓ of ｔhe obｊect aｎd iｔs conditiｏn fｏr ｃｈaｎgｅ The experimentｉng ａbility to be culｔivateｄ basically means ｔhe ｆolｌowing aｓｐects: ａbｌｅ to knｏw tｈe ｐｕrpｏse of thｅ experiment cleaｒly， aｂle ｔo ｕnderstａｎd the pｒinｃiplｅs and methods of the expｅｒiment， abｌｅ ｔo use tｈe instrｕmｅｎts corrｅｃｔly, ａｂle ｔo conｔｒol the experｉmentiｎg cｏｎditions aｎｄ dｅal wiｔh the troubｌeｓ ｉn the eｘperimenｔ, able ｔｏ analｙze the data gainｅd ｆrom thｅ eｘperiｍent and dｒaｗ a cｏrrect conclｕｓioｎ, aｂle tｏ knｏw the cｏnｃepｔｓ of the erroｒ and the siｇnｉfiｃant digits， aｎd ａble ｔo ｗrｉtｅ the expeｒiment report indeｐｅｎdeｎtｌy ａnｄ brｉefly． Stuｄents' thinkｉｎg abiｌitｉeｓ of abstraｃting， ｇeｎeralｉziｎg， aｎａlyziｎg, ｓｙnｔheｓizinｇ， ｄｅductinｇ ａnd juｄｇinｇ ａnｄ ｔheiｒ verbaｌ ａbｉliｔieｓ of exｐressinｇ theｍｓelves iｎ scienｔific ｌanguagｅ shｏuｌd bｅ dｅveloｐed through tｈe ｆorｍation of ｃonceｐｔs, thｅ dｒawing ｏf ｌａws, ｔhe establishｍｅnt of modeｌs and ｔhe applicaｔioｎ of ｋnowｌedgｅ and so oｎ. Stuｄents’ abiliｔy to use mathｅmaｔics ｔo sｏlve problｅms shoｕld be devｅlｏped, whｉｃh mainlｙ iｎcｌudes the fｏlｌowiｎｇ aｓpｅcts: abｌe tｏ unｄｅrｓｔand ｔｈe physical meanings of the fｏｒmuｌas anｄ the pictｕres， able to use maｔhｅmａtics to dｏ logｉcal ｄedｕctioｎ ａnd drａw ｃonｃｌusｉons iｎ ｐｈyｓｉｃs. Ｔhey ｓｈｏulｄ lｅａrn tｏ use piｃtuｒeｓ tｏ eｘｐreｓs ａnd solve prｏblｅｍs。
Eｍpｈasis ｓｈould ｂe laｉd on boｔh thｅ ｑuａｎtitａtive ｃalculａtiｏn anｄ ｔhe quａlitatｉve aｎd semi-ｑｕantｉｔatiｖｅ anａlyｓis Ｓtｕdents' ａbｉliｔies of ｐroblｅm analyziｎg and sｏlviｎg ｓhould be foｓtered throｕgh ｔhｅ applicatｉｏn of ｔheｉr knｏwleｄgｅ. Ｔhｅy aｒｅ rｅquiｒed to be aｂｌe to use thｅ coｎcｅpts, laws anｄ models they haｖe ｌearnｅｄ ｔo carry out speｃific anａｌysis ｆｏｒ actual ｐroｂlｅｍs， claｒiｆy their physicaｌ proｃｅss anｄ ｃｏnditions， and fiｎd ouｔ tｈe ｔhｉnkｉnｇ cｌue ａnd thｅ aｐproａch ｔo sｏlve the problems， In this waｙ， thｅｙ wiｌl develop thｅir pｏwer to ａnalyze and ｓｏｌve prｏblems ｆleｘｉｂｌｙ． （5）Maｉntain a close tie with praｃｔｉcｅThe ｔeachinｇ ｏf phyｓics sｈoｕld ｂe closely conneｃted tｏ pｒactice aｎd enable studｅnts tｏ unｄerstanｄ and applｙ their ｋnowledge ｉn ｔhe ｃomｂiｎａtｉｏn ｏf theｏry aｎd pracｔice. Ｈｅre ｔhe pracｔice reｆｅrs ｔo nａtｕｒaｌ phｅnｏｍena， moｄｅrn life， ｓcienｔifｉc ｅｘperiｍentａｔion, ｐraｃtｉcal problems iｎ ａll iｎｄuｓtriａl ｓecｔors ａnd the ｄｅvｅlｏｐｍｅnt of ｍodern sｃｉencｅ aｎd technｏlｏgy， ｅtc. Attentｉon sｈould be paid to tｈｅ commｏnly coｎcerｎed ｓoｃｉaｌ ａｎｄ eｃonoｍicaｌ probｌems of the ｐrｅsent tｉme, sｕｃh ａs ｅnergy soｕrcｅｓ, ｔhe enviｒｏnmeｎt anｄ so on， so ａs to ｍake sｔｕdenｔs undeｒstａnd tｈe ｒelａｔioｎsｈiｐ between ｐhｙｓics aｎｄ ｔechnｏloｇical proｇress and socｉａl dｅveｌoｐmｅnt， ａnd kｎow thｅ roｌe ｏf phyｓics from a broaｄeｒ visioｎ。
Cultiｖatｅ ｓtudｅnts' ｓense ｏf applicａｔion, ｐaｙing attention to botｈ ｔhe dｉsｃoverｉｅs of tｈe scienｔists anｄ ｔｈeir iｎventioｎs Eｎcｏurage theｍ to sｈow ｃｏncerｎ ｆor prａcｔｉｃal probｌems ａｎd ａspｉｒe to ａpｐlｙ their physics ｋnoｗledｇe to tｈｅ prａｃｔｉcａl lifｅ (5) Cａrry ｏｕt ｔhｅme—resｅaｒchＴhｅ theme－reseaｒｃh ｉｎ ｔhｅ ｓｅniｏr miｄdle school iｓ aｎ iｍpｏｒｔａnｔ wａy ｔｏ cｕltivatｅ sｔudenｔs' ability ｏf uｓe ｔheｉr kｎoｗledge comｐｒehensiｖｅｌy, thｅir ａｂiliｔy tｏ cｏｌｌect and handle ｉnformatioｎ， thｅｉr abｉlity ｔo anaｌyze anｄ sｏｌve pｒoblｅmｓ, tｈeir abiｌity of ｖerbal exprｅssion and ｔheiｒ abilitｙ tｏ coopｅｒatｅ anｄ coorｄinate wiｔh eaｃh ｏtｈer. This activiｔy will alｓo help thｅｍ deｖelop the hａbiｔ of indepｅnｄenｔ ｔｈｉnｋinｇ and sｔimuｌate tｈeiｒ ｓenｓe ｏf iｎnｏvaｔiｏn. A theｍｅ-research shoｕｌd maｉｎly fｏcus ｏn the cultiｖａtiｏｎ of those aｂｉｌities aｎd ｓenses, rather than on tｈｅ ｌearniｎg of a speciｆiｃ kｎowlｅｄｇe. The ｔeacher ｓhouｌd ｏｆfer gｕidａｎce ｔo thｅ themｅ—reseａrch, ｂut sｈouｌｄ avoid ｇiving speｃific stｅｐs ａnd mｅthods. Ｉｔ is ｎeｃessary tｏ ｅncourage students tｏ adopt diffｅrent methｏｄs ａnd puｔ forward diｆfereｎt opinions．The theｍe—ｒesｅaｒcｈ mａy be roughly cｌassifｉｅd inｔｏ ｓeveraｌ typｅs ｓuch ａｓ ｅxploratｉｖe physiｃｓ eｘperimeｎts, fabricaｔioｎ of tｈinｇs in science and tecｈnｏｌogy， stｕdy reｐort ｏf ｎeｗ scientｉfic aｎd teｃhnologiｃaｌ pｒobleｍｓ, sｏcial iｎvestigation， vｉｓion-ｂrｏaｄening ｓtudy and sｏ on. Iｎ the appeｎdix， we ｈavｅ ｓuｇｇested soｍe exａmples of thｅme-reｓeａｒch foｒ teａｃhers and ｓtudｅntｓ to chｏｏｓｅ， and oｔher tｏpｉcs may ｂe ｓｕgｇesｔed， ｔoo. The teaｃｈeｒ may ｒecomｍｅnd differｅnt ｔｙｐeｓ of ｒeseａｒch to his sｔudents aｃcｏrding tｏ tｈeir own merｉts and intｅrｅsts．Ｔhe resuｌｔ oｆ a thｅｍe—ｒesearch may ｂe ａ shorｔ ｔｒeａｔisｅ， or a science rｅｐoｒt， ｏr a sｅlf-maｄe instrumｅｎt or deviｃe.The themｅ－reseａrch shoｕｌd be ｃarrｉｅd out ｂotｈ iｎ class aｎd outｓide cｌass． The proｇｒaｍ ｈas allocateｄ ４ ｈours foｒ eａch tｈeｍe， ａnｄ iｔ must be gｕaｒanteeｄ ｉn tｈｅ ｔeaching. Therｅ sｈoulｄ ｂe ２ ｈｏｕrｓ for stuｄentｓ to ｒeport and ｅｘｃhａｎｇe ideas. (6) Give ｐlaｙ ｔo thｅ eｄｕｃａtional functiｏn of pｈyｓicｓ cｏurｓe ｉn ｔｈｅ field oｆ ideｏlogy and mｏraｌ aｔtitudeThe phｙsicｓ coursｅ ｓｈｏuld guiｄｅ ｓｔudenｔs to ｂelieve anｄ love sciｅnce， aｎd let tｈem thiｎｋ abouｔ tｈe relatｉｏnshｉp between ｓciencｅ & techｎｏlogy anｄ huｍan sｏciety. Let ｓtudｅntｓ ｒeｃｅiｖe ｔｈｅ eｄｕcａｔioｎ in dｉaｌｅctｉcaｌ ｍaｔeriaｌiｓm uｎcｏｎsciｏuslｙ tｏgether wｉｔh ｔhe learｎinｇ of ｋｎｏｗlｅdge, ｃultｉvate their ｄown－ｔo-eartｈ scienｔｉfic ａtｔitｕde, ａnd edｕcａte ｔｈeｍ ｔo sｔａrt ｆｒｏm praｃtiｃe, rｅspect fａｃｔs ａnd ｄｏ accordｉng ｔｏ the objｅctivｅ ｌａws.Intrｏdｕce the impｏｒtａnt ｅvｅnｔs in ｔhｅ develoｐment coｕrse of pｈysｉcs and thｅ stories ｏf ｓcｉentiｓts ｔｏ inspire theiｒ ｓensｅ ｏf iｎｎｏvation。
Introduｃｅ the cｏｎｔｒibutiｏｎs oｕｒ country made to sｃiｅncｅ anｄ tecｈnolｏgy in ｈistorｙ， and iｎtroduce thｅ aｃhｉevemenｔｓ ouｒ counｔry has maｄe iｎ socialiｓt cｏnｓtructｉon ａnｄ in ｍoderｎ scienｃｅ anｄ ｔｅcｈnology so aｓ ｔo develop their patriotiｃ sentｉmｅnｔV. Ｔｈe Teaｃhiｎg Contenｔs and Reｑuiｒementｓ of Compulsory Ｐhｙsｉcs CourseNoｔe(1) Tｈｅ ｃｏmpulsoｒｙ phyｓics course iｓ tｈｅ ｃoｕrse ｉｎ tｈｅ basｉc rｅquiremeｎt， its conｔents and reｑuirｅmeｎｔs shouｌd aim to improvｅ stuｄents' scｉenｔiｆic aｎd ｃuｌtuｒal qｕality ａnd its contents ｓｈould inclｕde the main aspects of phｙｓicｓ ｋｎowｌedge。
2) In the coｍpulｓｏｒy ｐhyｓiｃs, emｐhaｓis sｈoｕlｄ be laｉd on the ｄeveloｐmｅnｔ ｏf studenｔｓ' obserｖｉnｇ ａｂility, scｉenｔiｆic thinkｉng aｂiｌity aｎd the ability ｔo adapt thｅmselvｅs to modeｒｎ soｃｉal lifｅ (3) Ｔｈｅre are two lｅｖels for tｈe teachｉｎｇLeveｌ A： It ｉｓ the lower ｌeｖel. Ｔhｅ contentｓ ｏｆ ｋnowledge ｌisted in this ｌevel ｓhoulｄ not ｂe dｅalt wｉtｈ ｉn detaｉl ａｔ thｅ stａｇe of seｎior mｉddle sｃhoｏl， or thｅy have aｌｒeａｄy bｅen ｄiscuｓsed ｉn dｅｔail at the jｕnior mｉｄdｌe scｈool stａgeLｅvｅl B： Iｔ ｉｓ ｔhｅ hｉｇher ｌevｅl wiｔh higher rｅquiｒementｓ。
Tｈe contents marked ｗith * arｅ ｏnes to be ｃｈosen and shｏulｄ ｂe used ａs mｕch ａs ｐosｓｉble iｎ the teachｉng, ａt least 4 hours shoｕld be ｕsｅd fｏｒ it (4) In the ｆolloｗｉng “ｄｅmonstｒatiｏn” ｃoluｍn, whaｔ hａｖｅ beｅn ｌiｓｔed ａrｅ ｍaｉnｌｙ the demonsｔｒation ｅxperimenｔs． Otheｒ deｍonsｔraｔion mｅans shｏｕld ｂe dｅtｅrｍined bｙ ｔhe ｔｅacheｒ himselｆ. In oｒder to ｉｎcｒeaｓｅ the stｕdents’ ｃｈａnces of pｒacticａl operaｔioｎ， some dｅｍonstraｔion eｘperiｍeｎts ｍay be aｒranged as ｅｘperimentｓ in cｌass， in the maｎner oｆ experimeｎｔing whiｌｅ ｔeａcｈing, so as tｏ help stｕdeｎｔs oｂｓerｖe ｐｈｅnoｍｅnａ careｆｕlｌｙ and iｍproｖe tｈeiｒ obｓerving and experimentｉｎg ａbiｌities. Thiｓ ｋｉｎｄ oｆ eｘｐerimentｓ in class normally ａre qualｉｔative ｉn the ｍain， and has no ｈigh requｉremeｎt iｎ ｔhe quａnｔｉtativｅ asｐect. (5) Accoｒｄing to ｔhe teaｃｈｉng plaｎ, ｔｈe ｔotａｌ hours ｏf compｕlsoｒｙ ｐhysｉｃs courｓe iｓ １58， and ｔhｅy ｓhouｌd ｂe ａllocated in tｈe ｆｏｌｌｏwing wａy： 101 ｈours ｆｏｒ lecturｉng （ｉncludiｎg sｔudents’ experiments ｉｎ cｌａsｓ）， 1７ hｏurs foｒ studentｓ' ｅｘperｉmentatｉｏｎ, 1６ hours fｏr tｈemｅ-ｒeseaｒcｈ （４ themｅs）， aｎｄ 24 hｏuｒs ｆｏｒ flｅxｉｂle use (includinｇ tｈe tiｍe foｒ studentｓ to ａrｒａnge ｔｈemselｖes).Thｅ foｌlowｉｎg arｅ thｅ tｅachinｇ cｏｎtents ｔo be ｆｉnishｅd ｂefore tｈe end of the compulｓory ｐhｙsics course anｄ tｈe reｑuirementｓ ｆor thｅｍ.1. Lineaｒ MotioｎConｔｅnｔs ａnｄ ｒｅquirｅｍeｎｔsDemonstrａtiｏnMechａｎical mｏvemeｎｔ (A) referｅnce ｓyｓtem (A） Ｄｉｓpｌａcement ａnd ｄistance (Ａ）Average ｓｐeed (A) ｉｎstanｔaneous ｓpeed （A） raｔe （Ａ）Ａｃｃｅlｅrａted sｐｅed (B） ｌａｗ of unｉfｏrmlｙ variable lｉｎear ｍｏtｉon (B)Ｍeasｕｒｅmｅｎｔ of the acceleｒａted speed oｆ uｎifｏrmly ｖariabｌe ｌineaｒ mｏｔiｏnReｌatｉonshｉp beｔｗeen ｔhｅ dｉstance aｎd ｔhe time ｉｎ ｔhe uniｆｏrmly acｃeleratｅd ｌinear motioｎ when the inｉtiａl speed ｉs zero Tｈｅ s—t pｉctｕre aｎd v－t picｔure of tｈｅ uniform ｌinｅar motion （A)Thｅ v—ｔ pｉcture of tｈｅ uniform variable ｌinear moｔion (A）Ｆree－faｌlｉng body mｏtioｎ （B) ｇｒavitatiｏnal aｃcｅleratｉｏn （Ｂ）Differｅnｔ ｏｂjｅcts fall ｓimｕｌtａneously when the ａir resistanｃｅ is ｖｅry smａll。
2. ForｃeＣontｅnｔs and reｑuｉrｅmｅntsＤｅｍｏnｓtratｉonThe cｏncｅpt of force （A） thｅ vｅｃｔｏｒ natｕre of force （A)Grａvity (A） centｅr ｏｆ graviｔy (A） deformation and elaｓtic foｒｃe (A） slｉding friｃtion （A） ｓtatｉｃ fｒiｃtiｏn and ｍａximum ｓｔiction （A)Ｄeterminatiｏn ｏf the ｃenter of ｇravity usinｇ thｅ hanginｇ meｔhoｄSmａｌl ｄeｆｏrmatiｏn of ａn objｅcｔsｔatic frｉction aｎd maｘiｍuｍ ｓtｉctionComｐoｓitiｏn and dｅcomposiｔiｏn oｆ fｏrces （A） pａrallelograｍ rulｅ oｆ forcｅs （Ｂ）Ｔｈe paralleloｇraｍ rｕlｅ of composｉtioｎ oｆ fｏrｃes Reｌａtｉonsｈiｐ betwｅeｎ thｅ magｎiｔude ｏf thｅ compoｓite force aｎd the inｃluded anglｅ beｔweｅｎ the ｃｏmponenｔ fｏrcesＤeｃｏmposition ｏf ｆoｒcesＢａlanｃｅ of cｏncｕrｒent forｃｅs （A） forｃｅ moｍent ａnｄ balａｎce oｆ force momentsTｈｅ balanｃing ｃｏndｉｔiｏn of ｃoｎcｕｒｒent forcesFuｎction of ｔｈｅ ｆｏrcｅ mｏment aｎd the baｌaｎce oｆ ｆｏrce momentsNoｔｅ: Ｗith rｅｇaｒｄ to tｈe sliding fricｔion， the coｅｆfｉciｅnt ｏf kｉｎetic fｒiｃtiｏn may ｂe ｉntroduced; ｗith regａrd to the ｍａｘimum sｔatiｃ ｆrictｉoｎ， a ｑualitａtive ｉｎtroduｃtion ｍay be giｖen．3. Newton'ｓ Laｗ of MotionＣontｅnｔs anｄ ｒｅquiremenｔs DemonｓtrationNewtoｎ’ｓ ｆiｒｓt lａw (A)Newtoｎ’ｓ second law (Ｂ）Nｅｗｔｏn'ｓ ｔｈｉrd lａw (B）Ulｔrａ-graｖiｔy aｎd zero-graviｔy （Ａ）ＩnｅｒtiaRｅlａtioｎ beｔｗｅen ａccelｅrated sｐｅed anｄ fｏrceＲelaｔｉon betｗeen ａcｃeｌｅｒated ｓｐeed aｎd mａssActing fｏｒce and rｅaｃtinｇ fｏrｃe Ultｒa-gravitｙ ａnd zeｒo－gravitｙＴｈｅ ｕnits of mechａnicｓ iｎ Internationａl Sｙstｅm of Ｕｎｉｔｓ(SＩ） （A）Spherｅ of apｐlicaｔiｏn oｆ Nｅwｔon’s mｅｃｈanics （Ａ）* noｎ—iｎertia-sysｔeｍ anｄ iｎｅrｔia forcｅNoｔｅ： In the ｔｅaching of ｔhe ｓcopｅ oｆ apｐlｉcatｉon ｏｆ Neｗｔoｎ's meｃhａｎiｃs， ｔhe ｒeｌatiｏn beｔween maｓs ａｎd sｐeｅd may bｅ intｒodｕced．4. Curvilｉnｅaｒ Motioｎ aｎd Unｉvｅrsal GravｉｔｙContents aｎd reqｕｉrｅmentsＤemｏnst。