2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Graphene must surely be one of the most exciting developments in modern science. Indeed, the substance is so extraordinary that it sounds too good to be true—a superflexible sheet of carbon, just a single atom thick, which is not only the thinnest and strongest material yet known but also conducts heat, light and electricity while being impassable to gas.We have two scientists at the University of Manchester to thank for graphene. What began with Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov playing around with Scotch tape and a block of carbon graphite turned into the discovery of the so-called “miracle material” (and a joint Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010).Now, of course, the race is on to put graphene to use. Even the more sober predictions read like science fiction. From cheap desalination filters to solve the world’s creeping water crisis, to next-generation electronics with foldable touch-screens and ultra-speedy biodegradable processors, to superstrong but superlightweight cars and airplanes, if just a fraction of graphene’s potential is fulfilled it will change the world. And that is without even considering either the biomedical or the military possibilities. Nor are researchers hanging back; in 2012 alone,some 10,000 papers were published on the subject.Britain may be the birthplace of graphene, but we will still have to work hard to hang on to our global lead as scientists and entrepreneurs across the world dash for competitive advantage. The good news is that real efforts are being made to bridge the long-standing gap between university research and commercial products that so often leaves the UK lagging behind, for example, the US. The Government has given more than £60m, and graphene research centers are under construction in both Manchester and Cambridge.But there are already signs of progress. Yesterday, Applied Graphene Materials一a spin-off from Durham University—became the second manufacturer of the material to list successfully on the stock market this year. Both its founders’ ambitions and beliefs in them are wholly justified. Graphene’s potential is limited only by our imaginations.1.The article is written mainly to（ ） .2.Which is NOT a property of graphene according to the passage?3.It can be inferred that the past graphene research in the UK was（ ） .4.There are good reasons for investors to believe in the founders’ ambitions for graphene because（ ）.问题1选项A.urge Britons to hold the lead in grapheneB.introduce the new material graphene to readersC.inform readers of the limitless potentials of grapheneD.report the construction of UK’s graphene research centers问题2选项A.It is the thinnest and strongest substance.B.It is a superb conductor of gas.C.It is one of the most stretchable materials.D.It is a special kind of carbon.问题3选项A.put to dash for a competitive advantageB.far ahead of the US in marketingC.turned into a lot of science fictionD.isolated in university experiment labs问题4选项A.human imaginations can go as far as they canB.there is no gap between research and productsC.the stock market in the UK is successfulD.the new material has huge room for profit【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.文章第一段简单介绍了石墨烯,三四段提到石墨烯的竞争优势,最后一段提到,石墨烯的潜力仅受我们想象力的限制。
潜在意思就是石墨烯的潜力是无限的,所以作者的目的也是想让读者了解石墨烯的无限潜力选项C正确2.根据第一段后半部分对石墨烯的描述可知选项A,C,D均是石墨烯的特征,只有选项B错误conducts heat, light and electricity while being impassable to gas.”石墨烯可以传导热,光,电,但是无法传导气体3.根据倒数第二段第一句“Britain may be the birthplace ... dash for competitive advantage.”英国可能是石墨烯的诞生地,但是我们仍然需要继续努力保持全球领先地位, 因为全世界的科学家和企业家都在争取竞争优势选择A符合原文4.根据最后一段的内容可知,这里已经有发展的迹象昨天,石墨烯材料应用公司 (杜伦大学的附属品牌)成为本年度第二个成功上市的石墨烯生产商,而石墨烯的潜力也是无限的综上,也就是说这种新物质有很大的利润空间选项D正确2. 单选题All cultures have some system of measuring duration, or keeping time, but in western industrialized societies, we keep track of time in what seems to other peoples almost an obsessive fashion. We view time as motion on a space, a kind of linear progression measured by the clock and the calendar. This perception contributes to our sense of history and the keeping of records, which are typical aspects of western cultures.Although our perceptions of time seem natural to us, we must not assume that other cultures operate on the same time system. For instance, why should we assume that a Hopi raised in the Hopi culture would have the same intuitions about time that we have? In Hopi history, if records had been written, we would find a different set of cultural and environmental influences working together. The Hopi people are a peaceful agricultural society isolated by geographic feature and nomad enemies in a land of little rainfall. Their agriculture is successful only by the greatest perseverance. Extensive preparations are needed to ensure crop growth. Thus the Hopi value persistence and repetition in activity. They have a sense of the cumulative value of numerous, small, repeated movements, for to them such movements are not wasted but are stored up to make changes in later events. The Hopi have no intuition of time as motion, as a smooth flowing line on which everything in the universe proceeds at an equal rate away from a past, through a present, into a foreseeable future.Long and careful study of the Hopi language has revealed that it contains no words, grammatical forms, constructions, or expressions that refer to what we call time—the past, present, or future—or to the duration or lasting aspect of time. To the Hopi, “time” is a “getting later” of everything that has been done, so that past and present merge together. The Hopi do not speak, as we do in English? Of a “new day” or “another day” coming every twenty-four hours; among the Hopi, the return of the day is like the return of a person, a little older but with all the characteristics of yesterday. This Hopi conception, with its emphasis on the repetitive aspect of time rather than its onward flow, may be clearly seen in their ritual dances for rain and good crops, in which the basic step is a short, quick stamping of the foot repeated thousands of times, hour after hour.Of course, the American conception of time is significantly different from that of the Hopi. Americans’ understanding of time is typical of Western cultures in general and industrialized societies in particular. Americans view time as a commodity, as a “thing” that can be saved, spent, or wasted. We budget our time as we budget our money. We even say, “Time is money”. We are concerned in America with being “on time”; we don’t like to “waste” time by waiting for someone who is late or by repeating information; and we like to “spend” time wisely by keeping busy. These statements all sound natural to a North American. In fact, we think, how could it be otherwise? It is difficult for us not to be irritated by the apparent carelessness about time in other cultures. For example, individuals in other countries frequently turn up an hour or more late for an appointment— although “being late” is at least within our cultural framework. For instance, how can we begin to enter the cultural world of the Sioux, in which there is no word for “late” or “waiting”. Of course, the fact is that we have not had to enter the Sioux culture; the Sioux have had to enter ours. It is only when we participate in other cultures on their terms that we can begin to see the cultural patterning of time.1.From the passage, the Hopi have no intuition of time as motion because（ ）. 2. What is the Hopi’s conception of time?3.The concept of time as a commodity in the last paragraph means that （ ）.4.If you were to visit a Sioux festival, it would probably be necessary that（ ）. 5.Which of the following views seems most opposite to the Western perception of time?问题1选项A.their way of living depends greatly on perseverance and repetitionB.they think it necessary to invent their own perception of timeC.their language does not contain words referring to motionD.they think everything should proceed in a linear way问题2选项A.Repeating footsteps is the way they count time.B.The line between past and present is clear.C.When a person returns, the day returns.D.Today is the repetition of yesterday.问题3选项A.time can be used and spent like consumer goodsB.people who work long hours will be paid handsomelyC.people can buy time just like they buy a productD.time is considered priceless that people can’t afford问题4选项A.you call in advance if you are going to be lateB.you arrange for transportation well in advanceC.you have a delayed schedule of all the activitiesD.you have an exact schedule of the various events问题5选项A.Make a hay while the sun shines.B.Procrastination is necessary.C.Punctuality is the soul of business.D.A young idler, an old beggar【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第二段的倒数二三句可知，霍皮族人重视活动中的持久性和重复。
他们对无数的、小的、重复的动作的累积价值有一种感觉，因为对他们来说，这些动作不是浪费，而是储存起来，以便在以后的事件中做出改变所以霍皮族人对运动的时间没有什么直觉，是因为他们的生活方式在很大程度上依赖于毅力和重复选项A符合原文2.根据第三段的内容可知，对霍皮人来说，“时间”是所有已经做过的事情的“以后”，这样过去和现在就会融合在一起霍皮人的这一观念强调时间的重复性，而不是时间的继续流动选项D符合原文3.根据最后一段的三四句“Americans view time as a commodity, as a “thing” that can be saved, spent, or wasted. We budget our time as we budget our money.”美国人认为时间是一种商品，是一种可以节省、花费或浪费的“东西”我们预算时间就像我们预算金钱一样选项A符合原文4.根据最后一段“Sioux, in which there is no word for “late” or “waiting”.”苏族人的文化世界里没有“迟到”或“等候”这些词，所以如果要去参加苏族人的节日，你可能有必要把所有的活动都推迟，选项A正确。
5.根据最后一段的内容可知，美国人对时间的理解是西方文化的典型特征，他们认为时间就是金钱，所以选项B与之观念相反第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:3. 单选题When the going gets tough, real women start coloring. They’re picking up adult coloring books by the droves, at bookstores and craft stores, on Amazon, com and even from the Home Shopping Network.The designs appeal to every interest from whimsical doodle(异想天开的涂鸦) to nature scenes and fantasy worlds.Coloring not only evokes happy memories of childhood; the act can also foster a sense of well-being and offer a relaxing respite from our digital world. Crafters have known this intuitively for years.An accumulation of research shows that these creative activities can help you de-stress from everyday pressures. Recent studies suggest that structured rhythmic endeavors such as coloring, knitting, or quilting are particularly beneficial because they ease you into a meditative state of mind that allows you to push away negative thoughts and worries.“These activities engage your hands as well as your mind and your focus”, says art therapist Lacy Mucklow, the author of several best-selling coloring books. “Plus, the repetitive actions release serotonin(血管收缩素), the brain transmitter responsible for relaxation.”Numerous studies have looked into how crafting benefits mood and physical health. In a 2006 study co-sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts and several federal health agencies, researchers found that adults 65 or older who engaged in creative activities such as making jewelry, painting or writing had better overall health, made fewer visits to the doctor, used less medication and had fewer health problems than non-crafters.Stress reduction is a top reason Cathy Simocko-smith, 59, a professional gardener in Bridgeport，Conn, enjoys coloring. “Coloring at night while I’m watching TV helps quiet my mind,” she says. “I can really lose myself in it, and it stops me from thinking about my work and the stresses in my life.”Coloring is a great way to explore your creativity—it’s easy, inexpensive and you don’t have to know how to draw. The 10 to 20 minutes you spend coloring an image that gives you a sense of satisfaction can have a positive domino effect throughout your day.13. It is said in the passage that women start coloring when ________.14. Cathy Simocko-Smith enjoys coloring because _________.15. A person who does coloring can get the following benefits EXCEPT _________.16. What does the underlined word “respite” (in Para. 3) probably mean?问题1选项A.the digital world appeals to peopleB.they still hold on to their girlhoodC.there are easy access to the activityD.the situations become difficult问题2选项A.she can save up much moneyB.she can forget all his worries and caresC.she will stop taking medicationD.she will visit the doctor less frequently问题3选项A.a sense of satisfactionB.a happy mood throughout his dayC.exploration of creativityD.professional knowledge of drawing问题4选项A.A short break.B.A good opportunity.C.A beautiful place.D.A pleasant environment.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A【解析】13.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。
题干：文章认为当……时候，妇女开始着色？根据题干定位至文章第一段第一句话When the going gets tough, real women start coloring.（当情况变得艰难的时候，现实生活中的妇女开始拾起着色技能因此D选项“情况变得困难”符合题意； 文章第三段第一句话提到Coloring not only evokes happy memories of childhood; the act can also foster a sense of well-being and offer a relaxing respite from our digital world.（涂色不仅能唤起童年的快乐回忆；这种行为还可以培养一种幸福感，让人们从数字化世界中放松一下可知长期生活在数字化世界中让人感到疲惫，和A选项“数字世界吸引人的时候”，表达意思与原文相悖，故A选项排除；B选项“他们紧握自己的少女时代时”，文中并没有提到妇女的少女时代，因此B选项排除；C项“容易接触这类活动”，这类活动简单，不需要技巧，但这并不是妇女着色的原因，因此C选项排除综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。
14.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题题干：凯西享受着色是因为……？根据题干定位至文章第七段第二句话“Coloring at night while I’m watching TV helps quiet my mind,” she says. “I can really lose myself in it, and it stops me from thinking about my work and the stresses in my life.”（“晚上看电视的时候涂色能让我的大脑安静下来，”她说我真的可以在上色中迷失自我，它让我不再去想我的工作和生活中的压力可知凯西享受着色主要是因为它可以为凯西带来精神上的放松及愉悦，因此B选项“她可以忘记很多忧虑”符合题意；A选项“她可以节约很多钱”，文中没有提到着色这种艺术行为可以给凯西省钱，故A选项不对，排除；C选项 “她可以停止药物治疗”，D 项“她可以减少看医生的频率”文中没有提到凯西需要或者可以停止药物治疗，也没有提到她去看医生，在上文第六段最后一句话文章提到researchers found that adults 65 or older who engaged in creative activities such as making jewelry, painting or writing had better overall health, made fewer visits to the doctor, used less medication and had fewer health problems than non-crafters.（研究人员发现，与非手工艺者相比，从事珠宝制作、绘画或写作等创造性活动的65岁或以上的成年人整体健康状况更好，就诊次数更少，用药更少，出现的健康问题也更少。
但是并没有特指凯西这个人，故C，D选项排除；综上所述，本题正确答案为B选项15.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题题干：一个着色的人可以有一些好处，除了……外？根据题干定位至文章最后一段Coloring is a great way to explore your creativity—it’s easy, inexpensive and you don’t have to know how to draw. The 10 to 20 minutes you spend coloring an image that gives you a sense of satisfaction can have a positive domino effect throughout your day.（着色是一种探索创造力的好方法——它简单、便宜，而且你不需要知道如何画画你花10到20分钟给图像上色，这能给你带来满足感，这会在你的一天中产生积极的多米诺效应可知A选项“满足感”；B 选项“贯穿整天的快乐情绪”；C选项“挖掘创造力”，都是着色的好处，只有D选项“绘画的专业知识”，不符合题意，文章提到的是不知道画画也可以着色，可见着色这项活动并不能让人学到专业绘画知识。
综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项16.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题题干：第三段中下划线的单词“respite”可能是什么意思？根据题干定位至文章第三段第一句话Coloring not only evokes happy memories of childhood; the act can also foster a sense of well-being and offer a relaxing respite from our digital world.（涂色不仅能唤起童年的快乐回忆；这种行为还可以培养一种幸福感，让人们从数字化世界中有一个放松的_____可知涂色可以让人身心放松，得到短暂的缓解和休息，而数字化世界的快节奏让人们紧张，疲惫，由此推断“respite”指从数字化世界中逃离出来，放松休息，因此A选项“短暂休息”，符合题意；B选项“好机会”，C选项“美丽的地方”和D选项“舒适的环境”，均不是“respite”表达的含义综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项4. 翻译题由于世界范围内的高校采用越来越以市场为导向的管理模式，为了用可度量的方式来显示自己的价值，学者们所承受的压力也与日俱增。
常用的度量方式就是研究成果， 研究成果通常是按照发表文章的数量和质量来计算的，而质量则常常由是否有文章被引文索引库（citation index）所收录来决定因此，要想在专业上成功, 学者们需要写出一系列会被索引引用的文章，当然这些文章很可能是用英语写成答案】As institutions of higher learning worldwide have adopted an increasingly market- oriented mode of management, scholars are bearing increasing pressure in order to demonstrate their values in a measurable manner. A common way of measurement is to measure research fruits , which are calculated in accordance with the number and quality of published papers . But quality is usually determined by whether a paper is included in one of the citation indexes. Therefore, to succeed in their specialties, scholars need to write a series of papers cited in the citation indexes. Of course, those papers are likely to be written in English.5. 单选题We don’t encourage them to （ ）in any solitary amusements.问题1选项A.riskB.reviveC.indulgeD.suspend【答案】C【解析】选项中只有C选项能与介词in搭配, indulge in指“沉溺于”, 符合句意。
6. 单选题They have had only on （ ） to gain the wealth.问题1选项A.objectivismB.objectionC.objectiveD.objectivity【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析objectivism客观主义；objection反对, 异议；objective目的, 目标；objectivity 客观性句意:他们只有一个目标就是获得财富选项C符合句意7. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on What Made Li Na Such a Great Tennis Player? The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Some people maintain that Li’s success has entirely relied on her own hard work;2.Others hold the view that the state-run sports system has laid a solid foundation for her to fly alone;3.Your opinions.【答案】What Made Li Na Such a Great Tennis Player?As is known to all,Li Na is the most incredible tennis player in China. Up to now, she has got four single titles and two double titles of WTA, and what’s more, she is the first Chinese player who has got the single title during the WTA tour. Besides, she is the first top-ten player in China who has got No. 7 so far.When it comes to Li Na’s athletic achievements, people can not help asking such a question:What Made Li Na Such a Great Tennis Player?According to a recent investigation conducted by a sporting organization in China,43. 6 percent of respondents hold the view that Li Na, s success relies completely on her own hard work. When she was only six years old, she began to practise playing tennis. Due to her arduous training on the sports ground, she became a professional player. As she was not used to the training style in the state-run sports system, she broke away from the state-run sports system and began to fly alone.However,56. 4 percent of respondents argue that the state-run sports system has laid a solid foundation for her to fly alone. Her fellow players had their strict training with her and became her rivals. If it had not been for Li Na’s past experience in the state-run sports system, she could not have been a successful player and she could not have flown alone later on.In my opinion, Li Na’s hard work and her flying alone are the two indispensable elements of her success. Both elements are complementary. It’s hard to imagine her flying alone without hard work within the state-run sports system or her hard work within this system without flying alone.8. 单选题Mary thought she would never meet Tom again, but by a curious （ ）they finally met. 问题1选项A.coincidenceB.incidenceC.incidentD.accident【答案】A【解析】coincidence一致, 巧合;incidence发生率;incident事件, 事变;accident事故, 意外。
句意:玛丽以为她再也见不到汤姆了, 但由于一个奇怪的巧合, 他们最终见面了选项A符合句意9. 单选题I don’t really know how to （ ）the problem.问题1选项A.drawB.dealC.copeD.tackle【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知这里指处理问题，选项A不符合句意；选项B和C后面都需要接介词with，所以只有选项D正确10. 单选题A friendship may be（ ）, casual, situational or deep and lasting.问题1选项A.identicalB.originalC.superficialD.critical【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知, 填空处的内容应该与or后面意思相反且与casual, situational意思相近句意:友谊可以是浅薄的、随意的、场合性的, 也可以是深刻的、持久的只有选项C符合语境11. 单选题This microscope（ ）by 1,000 times the sample on the slides.问题1选项A.probedB.abidedC.magnifiedD.specified【答案】C【解析】probe探查, 调查；abide持续, 忍受；magnified放大；specify详细说明。
句意:显微镜把放在幻灯片上的样品放大了1000倍选项C符合句意12. 单选题The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a(an)（1） for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way,it （2） a variety of functions in human life.The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the（3） of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.（4） by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly（5 ） themselves with di。