2022-2023年考博英语-中国科学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The state, after all, has 4.3 million registered Democrats, a (an) ________ 1.1 million edge over Republicans.问题1选项A.marginalB.astoundingC.amusingD.critical【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. marginal 微不足道的，边缘的 B. astounding 令人震惊的，使大吃一惊的C. amusing 有趣的，好笑的 D. critical 关键的，重要的【考查点】形容词辨析解题思路】an edge over sb./sth.是固定搭配，意为“多出，具有优势”，空格处作定语修饰下文的“1.1 million edge（多出110万名）”，结合前半句句意“毕竟（after all），该州拥有430万名登记在册的民主党人（4.3 million registered Democrats）”可知，此处应该是通过指出民主党人比共和党人多110万名的事实，进一步强调民主党人数之多，110万是一个庞大的数字，说明两党人数差距之大，令人吃惊。
astounding指惊讶到难以置信，因此B选项astounding“令人震惊的，使大吃一惊的”最符合题意干扰项排除】A选项marginal“微不足道的，边缘的”指处于边缘，幅度、范围小，故价值或重要性不大，与题干语义相矛盾，应该是“优势很大”而不是“优势很小”；C选项amusing“有趣的，好笑的”指引起笑声或享受，不符合题干的语义逻辑；D选项critical“关键的，重要的”指非常重要，将影响到未来的形势，不符合题干的语义逻辑句意】毕竟，该州拥有430万名登记在册的民主党人，比共和党人多出惊人的110万名2. 单选题When Chelsea caught a （ ） disease, none of his friends were allowed to visit him.问题1选项A.conspicuousB.contagiousC.consequentD.captivating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析conspicuous “显著的；显而易见的”；contagious “感染性的”；consequent “随之发生的”；captivating “迷人的；有魅力的”。
句意：Chelsea得了______病，他的朋友们都不允许来看望他根据后半句可知Chelsea得的是传染病因此选项B符合题意3. 单选题In 2004 and again in 2006, women told pollsters that the concerns that motivated them to decide whether and for whom to vote were centered on nontraditional “Women’s issues”. Women are not single-issue voters, either. （1） In reality, women’s voting patterns indicate quite the opposite.Women are not monolithic in their attitudes about, or votes within, the political system. （2 ） .In the end, women voters ask themselves two core questions when deciding whom to support for president: “Do I like that person?” and “Is that person like me?” The first question is the classic “living room” test. The second is a more complex inquiry that probes whether women believe a candidate cars about, values, confronts, and feats he same things they do.Party loyalty trumps gender, as indicated by a July 2007 Newsweek survey, which found that 88 percent of men and 85 percent of women say that if their party nominated a woman candidate that they would vote for her if she were qualified for the job. （3）: Only 60 percent of men and 56 percent of women believe that the country is ready for a woman president. With regard to race, voters are less hesitant to vote for a qualified African-American candidate of their party，as 92 percent of whites and 93 percent of nonwhites say that they would endorse such a candidate. （4） : Only 59 percent of white voters and 58 percent of nonwhite voters believe that the country would elect a black president.Whereas the contest for president is the most wide-open in decades, one thing is certain:（5） .问题1选项A.The media’s focus on the contentious ones makes it seem as if women only care about one issue on Election Day and that it takes special attention to that issue to compel women to voteB.Traditionally, women are thought to gravitate more toward the “SHE” cluster of issues, Social Security, health care, and education, while men are considered more interested in the “WE” issues, war and the economyC.Like gender, fewer voters doubt that the country is ready for an African-American presidentD.Americans express less enthusiasm, however, about the “female factor”，when it comes to how they judge their fellow citizensE.Women, as they have since 1980, will be a majority of the electorate that decides who next occupies the Oval OfficeF.When it comes to voting, one woman might vote for all Democrats, another might vote straight-ticket Republican, while a third might take the salad-bar approach to decide her vote问题2选项A.The media’s focus on the contentious ones makes it seem as if women only care about one issue on Election Day and that it takes special attention to that issue to compel women to voteB.Traditionally, women are thought to gravitate more toward the “SHE” cluster of issues, Social Security, health care, and education, while men are considered more interested in the “WE” issues, war and the economyC.Like gender, fewer voters doubt that the country is ready for an African-American presidentD.Americans express less enthusiasm, however, about the “female factor”，when it comes to how they judge their fellow citizensE.Women, as they have since 1980, will be a majority of the electorate that decides who next occupies the Oval OfficeF.When it comes to voting, one woman might vote for all Democrats, another might vote straight-ticket Republican, while a third might take the salad-bar approach to decide her vote问题3选项A.The media’s focus on the contentious ones makes it seem as if women only care about one issue on Election Day and that it takes special attention to that issue to compel women to voteB.Traditionally, women are thought to gravitate more toward the “SHE” cluster of issues, Social Security, health care, and education, while men are considered more interested in the “WE” issues, war and the economyC.Like gender, fewer voters doubt that the country is ready for an African-American presidentD.Americans express less enthusiasm, however, about the “female factor”，when it comes to how they judge their fellow citizensE.Women, as they have since 1980, will be a majority of the electorate that decides who next occupies the Oval OfficeF.When it comes to voting, one woman might vote for all Democrats, another might vote straight-ticket Republican, while a third might take the salad-bar approach to decide her vote问题4选项A.The media’s focus on the contentious ones makes it seem as if women only care about one issue on Election Day and that it takes special attention to that issue to compel women to voteB.Traditionally, women are thought to gravitate more toward the “SHE” cluster of issues, Social Security, health care, and education, while men are considered more interested in the “WE” issues, war and the economyC.Like gender, fewer voters doubt that the country is ready for an African-American presidentD.Americans express less enthusiasm, however, about the “female factor”，when it comes to how they judge their fellow citizensE.Women, as they have since 1980, will be a majority of the electorate that decides who next occupies the Oval OfficeF.When it comes to voting, one woman might vote for all Democrats, another might vote straight-ticket Republican, while a third might take the salad-bar approach to decide her vote问题5选项A.The media’s focus on the contentious ones makes it seem as if women only care about one issue on Election Day and that it takes special attention to that issue to compel women to voteB.Traditionally, women are thought to gravitate more toward the “SHE” cluster of issues, Social Security, health care, and education, while men are considered more interested in the “WE” issues, war and the economyC.Like gender, fewer voters doubt that the country is ready for an African-American presidentD.Americans express less enthusiasm, however, about the “female factor”，when it comes to how they judge their fellow citizensE.Women, as they have since 1980, will be a majority of the electorate that decides who next occupies the Oval OfficeF.When it comes to voting, one woman might vote for all Democrats, another might vote straight-ticket Republican, while a third might take the salad-bar approach to decide her vote【答案】第1题:A第2题:F第3题:D第4题:C第5题:E【解析】1.联系上下文。
空白后下一句提到女性投票的形式是恰好相反的，由此可见前面提到了一种投票模式选项A与下文互相呼应2.联系上下文空白前提到女性对于政治体系和投票的态度并不完全统一，选项F则列举了女性不同的投票方式，与上文互相呼应，符合逻辑3.联系上下文空白前后两句的数字形成对比，由此可判断空白内容应与前句内容不一致，两者为转折关系，且两句涉及的内容都是女性方面的选项D与前后文互相呼应，符合逻辑4.联系上下文空白前后的内容提及黑人总统的比例，选项C提到非洲裔的总统，与前后文互相呼应，符合逻辑5.联系上下文空白前提到总统的竞选是几十年来完全开放，讨论的是总统选举进步之处，选项E中提及自1980年以来，女性是决定谁将入主总统办公室的大多数选民，与上文呼应，符合逻辑4. 单选题Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（ ） the child to eat.问题1选项A.temptB.manipulateC.incenseD.escort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。
句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭选项A符合句意5. 不定项选择题You may be reading this while on a conference call, pushing your child on a swing—or both. But is multitasking really a good idea, or does it make us do everything more slowly and less well than if we were concentrating on one task at a time?Psychologists cite robust research that paying more attention to a task improves performance. Humans, they argue, are good at doing rapidly sequential tasks, rather than simultaneous ones. My teenagers insist it is fine to revise while texting and watching —but they are wrong. In 2009, a research team from Stanford, led by Clifford Nass, compared heavy versus light media multitaskers in a series of tests. Nass thought the heavier multitaskers would be better at organising and storing information and have superior memories, but it turned out that the opposite was true. When the groups were shown configurations of coloured shapes and asked to remember their positions and ignore others, the multitaskers couldn’t do it. They were constantly distracted and their ability to switch between tasks, filter irrelevant information and remember what they had seen was worse than the lighter multitaskers.A team led by David Strayer at the University of Utah looked at people who drive while using the phone and found that they were more than twice as likely to miss stop signs. In a later study, Strayer found that people who are most likely to multitask are those who think they are great at it. Seventy percent of the 310 students in his study thought they were above average at multitasking. People who multitasked the most had high levels of impulsive behaviour and were generally the most ill-suited to attempt more than one job at a time.Nass’s research led him to suggest that we should spend 20 minutes on one task and then switch to another, rather than flitting any faster between the two. Tests that measure the ability to remember shapes are less compelling than real-life multitasking research, but the evidence suggests that we delude ourselves if we think we can do more than one thing well at the same time. Limited research suggests that women may be a teeny bit better at it, but few of us are naturals. Strayer’s research suggests that around 3% of the population are “supertaskers” who do better the more they do. The rest of us, however, should stick to one thing at a time.36. The author may be suggesting in Paragraph 1 that ________.37. According to Paragraph 2, research suggests that humans perform well when ________.38. Which of the following is true about heavy multitaskers?39. Strayer’s studies show that ________.40. What is the author’s attitude towards women’s multitasking ability?41. A possible suggestion from the author is to ________.问题1选项A.babysitting slows down one’s workB.multitasking is commonC.multitasking is more effectiveD.concentration is a good idea问题2选项A.doing several tasks at a timeB.doing things slowlyC.doing tasks one by oneD.doing things energetically问题3选项A.They tend to ignore others.B.They are less likely to stay focused.C.They have superior memories.D.They manage time well.问题4选项A.people overestimate their multitasking abilityB.teenagers are better at multitaskingC.students are more likely to multitaskD.impulsive people are not suited to multitask问题5选项A.Optimistic.B.Confident.C.Critical.D.Prudent.问题6选项A.work less than 20 minutes on one taskB.think twice before taking actionC.spend less time on social mediaD.do things sequentially【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D第6题:D【解析】36. 【选项释义】The author may be suggesting in Paragraph 1 that ________. 作者在第1段中可能暗示了________。
A. babysitting slows down one’s work A. 照看孩子会使人的工作变慢B. multitasking is common B. 多任务处理很普遍C. multitasking is more effective C. 多任务处理更有效D. concentration is a good idea D. 集中注意力是个好主意【考查点】推理判断题解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 1可以定位到文章第1段，本段第1句举了若干例子“你可能正在会议上读这篇文章（reading this while on a conference call），或者推着你的孩子荡秋千（pushing your child on a swing）——或者两者都有（or both）这些都是属于同时做多项事情的“多任务处理（multitasking）”，说明在日常生活中边工作边处理家务事这种多任务处理是很常见的因此B选项“多任务处理很普遍”正确干扰项排除】A选项“照看孩子会使人的工作变慢”，根据关键词babysitting可以定位到文章第1段第1句“或者推着你的孩子荡秋千（pushing your child on a swing）”，此处只是作为多任务处理的一个例子，文中并没有提到照看孩子会使人的工作变慢，属于无中生有；C选项“多任务处理更有效”，根据关键词multitasking可以定位到文章第1段第2句“但是，多任务处理（multitasking）真的是一个好主意吗（a good idea）”，只是作者提出的一个疑问，说明在第1段中不能体现多任务处理是否更有效，属于无中生有；D选项“集中注意力是个好主意”，根据关键词concentration可以定位到文章第1段第2句“还是说它会让我们做每件事都比一次只专注于（concentrating on）一项任务完成得更慢、更差（more slowly and less well）？”，同样只是作者提出的一个疑问，说明在第1段中也不能体现集中注意力是否有效，属于无中生有。
37. 【选项释义】According to Paragraph 2, research suggests that humans perform well when ________. 根据第2段，研究表明人们在________的时候表现良好A. doing several tasks at a time A. 一次做几项任务B. doing things slowly B. 慢慢地做事情C. doing tasks one by one C. 一个接一个地完成任务D. doing things energetically D. 精力充沛地做事情【考查点】推理判断题解题思路】根据题干关键词research可以定位到文章第2段第1句“心理学家引用了有力的研究（robust research），认为对一项任务（a task）投入更多的注意力可以提高表现（improves performance）说明研究表明人们在一次只做一项任务，完成一项之后再去做下一项的时候表现会更好因此C选项“一个接一个地完成任务”正确干扰项排除】A选项“一次做几项任务”，文章说的是对一项任务投入更多的注意力可以提高表现，而不是同时做多项任务，属于反向干扰；B选项“慢慢地做事情”，文章第2段第2句提到“他们认为，人类擅长快速（rapidly）做连续的任务”，说明慢慢做事并不能使表现更好，属于反向干扰；D选项“精力充沛地做事情”在文章中没有提及，属于无中生有。
38. 【选项释义】Which of the following is true about heavy multitaskers? 关于重度多任务处理者，以下哪项是正确的？A. They tend to ignore others. A. 他们倾向于忽略其他形状B. They are less likely to stay focused. B. 他们不太可能保持专注C. They have superior memories. C. 他们有优越的记忆力D. They manage time well. D. 他们能很好地管理时间考查点】事实细节题解题思路】根据题干关键词heavy multitaskers可以定位到文章第2段倒数第1、2句“当两组人看到彩色形状的组合，并被要求记住它们的位置并忽略其他形状时，重度多任务处理者无法做到这一点他们经常分心（constantly distracted），在任务之间切换、过滤无关信息和记住所见内容的能力比轻量级多任务处理者更差（worse than the lighter multitaskers）说明研究结果显示重度多任务处理者在处理多重任务中不断地分心，不能长时间保持专注。
因此B选项“他们不太可能保持专注干扰项排除】A选项“他们倾向于忽略其他形状根据关键词ignore可以定位到文章第2段第6句“当两组人看到彩色形状的组合，并被要求记住它们的位置并忽略（ignore）其他形状时，重度多任务处理者无法做到这一点说明重度多任务处理者并不能忽略其他形状，属于反向干扰；C选项“他们有优越的记忆力根据关键词memories可以定位到文章第2段第5句“纳斯认为，重度多任务处理者更擅长组织和存储信息，记忆力也更好（superior memories），但事实证明，情况恰恰相反（the opposite was true）说明重度多任务处理者并没有优越的记忆力，属于反向干扰；D选项“他们能很好地管理时间文章中没有提到研究的内容包括时间管理能力，属于无中生有39. 【选项释义】Strayer’s studies show that ________. 斯特雷耶的研究表明________A. people overestimate their multitasking ability A. 人们高估了自己的多任务处理能力B. teenagers are better at multitasking B. 青少年更擅长多任务处理C. students are more likely to multitask C. 学生更有可能进行多任务处理D. impulsive people are not suited to multitask D. 冲动的人不适合多任务处理【考查点】事实细节题。
解题思路】根据题干关键词Strayer可以定位到文章第3段第2句“在后来的一项研究中，斯特雷耶（Strayer）发现，最有可能多任务处理的人是那些自认为很擅长的人（those who think they are great at it）说明人们高估了自己的多任务处理能力，自认为很擅长多任务处理，就会更倾向于同时完成多项任务因此A选项“人们高估了自己的多任务处理能力”正确干扰项排除】B选项“青少年更擅长多任务处理”，文章中没有提到对青少年的研究，属于无中生有；C选项“学生更有可能进行多任务处理”，根据students可以定位到文章第3段第3句“在他的研究中，310名学生（students）中有70%的人认为他们的多任务处理能力高于平均水平（above average）此处只是说有很多学生自认为很擅长多任务处理，而最有可能多任务处理的人是那些自认为很擅长的人，并不是所有学生都自认为很擅长，属于推理过度；D选项“冲动的人不适合多任务处理”，根据impulsive可以定位到文章第3段第4句“同时处理多项任务最多的人（multitasked the most）往往表现出较高的冲动行为（impulsive behaviour），通常也最不适合（the most ill-suited）同时尝试多项工作。
此处说的是同时处理多项任务最多的人容易做出冲动行为，最不适合多任务处理，并不代表所有冲动的人都不适合，属于推理过度40. 【选项释义】What is the author’s attitude towards women’s multitasking ability? 作者对女性的多任务处理能力的态度是什么？A. Optimistic. A. 乐观的B. Confident. B. 自信的C. Critical. C. 批判的D. Prudent. D. 谨慎的考查点】观点态度题解题思路】根据题干关键词women可以定位到文章第4段第3句“有限的研究（Limited research）表明，女性（women）在这方面可能有少许优势（may be a teeny bit better）”，“有限的”和“可能”都体现了作者对女性多任务处理能力的谨慎态度，女性的多任务处理能力可能稍微好一点，但没有绝对地表达女性在这方面就一定更优秀因此D选项“谨慎的干扰项排除】A选项“乐观的和B选项“自信的表述都过于绝对，属于推理过度；C选项“批判的作者没有批判女性的多任务处理能力不好，而是说可能有少许优势，属于反向干扰。
41. 【选项释义】A possible suggestion from the author is to ________. 作者的一个可能的建议是________A. work less than 20 minutes on one task A. 在一项任务上的工作时间不超过20分钟B. think twice before taking action B. 三思而后行C. spend less time on social media C. 减少花在社交媒体上的时间D. do things sequentially D. 按顺序做事情【考查点】推理判断题解题思路】根据关键词suggestion可以定位到文章第4段第5句“然而，我们其余的人应该一次只做一件事（stick to one thing at a time）说明大部分人其实不擅长多任务处理，所以作者建议人们最好一次只做一件事情，也就是按顺序、按部就班地做事情因此D选项“按顺序做事情”正确干扰项排除】A选项“在一项任务上的工作时间不超过20分钟”，根据20 minutes可以定位到文章第4段第1句“纳斯的研究建议我们应该在一个任务上花20分钟（spend 20 minutes），然后切换到另一个任务，而不是在两个任务之间快速切换。
说明在一项任务上的工作时间应该满20分钟，而不是少于20分钟，属于反向干扰；B选项“三思而后行”和C选项“减少花在社交媒体上的时间”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有6. 不定项选择题Collapses this spring at a couple of ancient sites here caused weary archaeologists to warn, yet again, about other imminent calamities threatening Rome’s precarious architectural birthright.Meanwhile, the smart set went crazy when a splendid national museum for contemporary art, Maxxi, opened recently, along with an expansion to the city-run new-art museum, Macro. That was just after Rome’s mayor, Gianni Alemanno, convened a conference for planners and architects to sketch a bid for the 2020 Olympics as an incentive to update Italy’s capital. Contemporary architecture now promises to be the engine and symbol of a new creative identity for Rome that, if development is done right for a change, would complement the city’s glorious past.“What does Rome want to be when it grows up?” is how Richard Burdett, a planner from London with Italian roots, put the situation the other day. He meant the situation of Rome at a crossroads, struggling ahead, falling behind.Change is never easy here. When a museum designed by Richard Meier, a glass and marble building to house the Ara Pacis, opened a few years ago, Romans howled. Maxxi, whose style presents a whole other set of problems, has fared much better in terms of public approval, attracting some 74,000 visitors in its first month and accelerating talk by leaders like Mr. Alemanno about Rome in the 21st century.But it’s one thing for politicians to support a new headline-grabbing museum. The art crowd rolls into town, bestows its blessing, then rolls out. It’s another to take on greater challenges like immigration, transportation and sprawl. Even culture: a nation whose identity and fiscal survival rests on it now devotes 0.21 percent of its state budget, which is about one-fifth of the percentage that France devotes, to theater, film, exhibitions, music and museums, not to mention the upkeep of all those thousands of historical sites for which there is still no master conservation plan.And there’s nothing close to a thought-out approach to shaping this city’s new identity, either, just a burst of mixed architecture creating facts on the ground and a fresh hunger for something better. The problems facing Rome are not going to be solved by a few big stars designing buildings but by a larger effort to rethink a city that has swiftly grown to 3.7 million inhabitants, almost all of them outside the historic center, where its past is crumbling.42. Paragraph 1 implies that ________.43. According to the context, “the smart set” (boldfaced in Paragraph 2) refers to ________.44. What is Richard Burdett’s attitude towards a new creative identity for Rome?45. According to the passage, the Roman politicians ________.46. The last paragraph suggests that ________.47. What might be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.the ruins of old houses ill-matched the modern RomeB.ancient buildings in Rome had difficulty survivingC.archaeologists warned people not to destroy RomeD.another round of natural disasters threatened Rome问题2选项A.the planners and architectsB.the weary archaeologistsC.the mayor and his officialsD.the visitors to the museums问题3选项A.Strongly supportive.B.Barely concerned.C.Somewhat doubtful.D.Completely opposed.问题4选项A.have yet to decide whether to keep up the historical sitesB.have g。