Unit 11 Effective Communication A FAMOUS QUOTE Think like a wise man but communicate in the language of the people.——William Yeats 像智者那样思考，像大众那样交流——威廉·叶芝 William Yeats （1865-1939）, Irish poet, playwright, and perhaps the greatest poet of the 20th century.He won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1923 and was the leader of the Irish Literary Renaissance. 威廉·叶芝（1865-1939），爱尔兰诗人、剧作家，可能是20世纪最伟大的诗人叶芝曾经赢得1923年的诺贝尔文学奖，他是“爱尔兰文艺复兴运动”的领袖Speaking ActivityTalking about Future EventsSample Dialogue Read the following conversation.Pay attention to how the speakers talk about future events. Jack: Are you going to London next week? Ann: Yes. Jack: It's rather cold there. Ann: Yes.I'm afraid I couldn't fall asleep at night. Jack: Have you reserved a hotel? Ann: Yes.Holiday Inn. Jack: Holiday Inn is offering a human bed-warming service at three hotels in Britain this month. Ann: A human bed-warming service? Jack: Yes.If requested, a bed-warmer at the hotel will dress in a fleece sleeper suit before slipping between the sheets. Ann: That sounds great, but I hope the warmer will shower first.Guided Practice Directions: Ask your partner what he/she plans to do during the coming vacation.You may use the following tips to help you. Are you going to…next week? …is offering…service How long will you stay…? I will…for… That sounds great, but I hope...Text ANew Word 1、frustrated adj.feeling annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve what you want 懊恼的；沮丧的 2、anxious adj.feeling worried or nervous 焦虑的；忧虑的；担心的 3、essential adj pletely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity 必不可少的；极其重要的 4、co-worker n.a person that somebody works with, doing the same kind of job 合作者；同事 5、passively adv.accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them 消极地；被动地 6、establish v.to start having a relationship, especially a formal one, with another person, group or country 建立（尤指正式关系） 7、tip n.a small piece of advice about something practical 指点；实用的提示 8、nonverbal adj.not involving words or speech 不涉及言语的；非言语的 9、percentage n.the number, amount, rate of something, expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100; a part or share of a whole 百分率；百分比 10、tone n.the quality of somebody's voice, especially expressing a particular emotion 语气；腔调；口吻 11、facial adj.connected with a person's face; on a person's face 面部的 12、truthfully adv.giving the true facts about something 真实地；如实地 13、manner n.the way that somebody behaves and speaks towards other people 举止；态度 14、signal n.a movement or sound that you make to give somebody information, instructions, a warning, etc.信号；暗号 15、point of view n.the particular attitude or opinion that somebody has about something 观点；态度；意见 16、echo v.to repeat what somebody else has just said 重复（别人的话） 17、rephrase v.to say or write something using different words in order to make the meaning clearer 换个说法说，改变词句 18、perform v.to do something, such as a piece of work, task or duty 做；履行；执行 19、technique n.a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you have to learn special skills 技巧；技艺；工艺 20、temptation n.the desire to do or have something that you know is bad or wrong 引诱；诱惑Phrases and Expressions 1、be aware of to know or realize something 知道；意识到 2、be responsible for to be the cause of something 作为原因；成为起因 3、put…aside to ignore or forget something, usually a feeling or difference of opinion 忽视；不理睬；忘记Text A Active ListeningPre-reading Questions 1.Have you ever found yourself turning a deaf ear to your friends? 2.What kind of body language do your friends and yourself use?Active Listening Do you ever get frustrated when you realize that the person you've been talking to was not really listening at all? Do others ever complain that you don't listen? Don't be too anxious if the answer to either or both questions is "yes". Although we may not be aware of it, many of us have poor listening skills, and strong listening skills are important for everyone, not only for second language learners.Good communication is essential to forming good relationships with people of all kinds, from family, friends and neighbours to co-workers, bosses and even government officials! We often focus on saying what we want to say in an effective way and forget that listening carefully to others is just as important.The good news is that we can learn how to improve our listening skills.One key to improvement is developing "active listening" skills.Much of the time we listen passively.By making an effort to listen actively, we can improve our learning skills and establish successful relationships more easily. Here are a few tips to help you start listening more actively: Firstly, never underestimate the importance of nonverbal communication."Nonverbal" simply means "without words".One study found that nonverbal factors were responsible for 93 percent of communication effectiveness.While not all experts agree that the percentage is as high as this, they do agree that nonverbal communication is extremely powerful.① So, when you listen to another person, pay close attention to their tone of voice, facial expression and body language.Sometimes, for example, a person's words may be positive but their nonverbal communication is not.When a person's words do not agree with their nonverbal signals, you may need to consider how truthfully they are speaking. Also, you can use nonverbal methods to encourage another person to communicate with you.Making eye contact, using friendly facial expressions and having a relaxed and open manner are all helpful.You can use nonverbal signals such as nods of the head or smiles to let the speaker know you are interested and truly listening without interrupting their speech too much. Another key to active listening is having an open mind.Do your best to put your own feelings and opinions aside while you listen, and encourage the speaker to fully express their ideas.Try to imagine that you are in the same situation as the speaker.In this way, you will better understand their point of view. One more tip is to "echo" what the speaker has said.By repeating or rephrasing their words, such as by saying, "So, you feel unhappy" or "This caused problems for you?", you are performing two important functions of an active listener.One is showing the other person that you have been following what they have been saying, and the other is giving the speaker the chance to correct you if you have misunderstood.This technique is especially useful in highly emotional situations or situations where there is disagreement. Avoid the temptation to start talking about your own ideas or views.If you do that, you have stopped listening and started talking. Once you put your mind to listening more actively, you will find the practice has many benefits.②Key Sentences 1.While not all experts agree that the percentage is as high as this, they do agree that nonverbal communication is extremely powerful. 虽然不是所有专家都认同有这么高的比率，但是他们确实认为非言语沟通的作用不可小觑。
2.Once you put your mind to listening more actively, you will find the practice has many benefits. 一旦专注于积极倾听你就会发现这样做的诸多好处了Notes 1.In the book Leader Effectiveness Training, Thomas Gordon coined the term "active listening". 2.Active listening is used in a wide variety of situations, including public interest advocacy, community organizing, tutoring, medical workers talking to patients, HIV counseling, helping people who are suicidal, management, counseling and journalistic settings.Text A Active ListeningExercises I.Checking Your Comprehension Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from the information given in the passage. 1.A large number of people fail to realize that _________. A）they feel annoyed and impatient easily B）their language learning ability varies a lot C）their listening skills are poorly developed D）they lack essential negotiating skills [答疑编号506494110301：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】C【答案解析】阅读文章第四段第一个句子Although we may not be aware of it, many of us have poor listening skills可以知道，很多人并不知道自己缺乏聆听的技巧。
答案为C 2.Active listening contributes to the improvement of_________. A）social relationships B）mental health C）social status D）physical health [答疑编号506494110302：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】A【答案解析】阅读文章第四段第二个句子：Good communication is essential to forming good relationships with people of all kinds…可以知道，积极的聆听可以改善一个人的社会关系答案为A 3.One study has found that communication effectiveness owes much to____________. A）direct eye contact B）shared experience C）good personal relationships D）nonverbal factors [答疑编号506494110303：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】D【答案解析】阅读文章第七段第三个句子：One study found that nonverbal factors were responsible for 93 percent of communication effectiveness可以知道正确答案。
答案为D 4.____________can encourage another person to continue his talk. A）Avoiding eye contact B）Nods of the head C）A blank expression D）Constant interruptions [答疑编号506494110304：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】B【答案解析】阅读文章第九段第三个句子You can use nonverbal signals such as nods of the head or smiles to let the speaker know…可以知道正确答案答案为B 5.When engaged in active listening, we try our best not to____________. A）keep an open mind B）repeat the speaker's words C）focus too much on our own ideas D）encourage the speaker [答疑编号506494110305：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】C【答案解析】阅读文章第十段第二个句子：Do your best to put your own feelings and opinions aside while you listening, and encourage the speaker to…可以知道正确答案。
答案为C II.Building Your Vocabulary Section A Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets. 1.This is an extremely ____________experience for the student.（frustrated, frustrating） [答疑编号506494110306：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】frustrating【答案解析】译文：对学生来说，这是一种很懊丧的经历本题考查-ing结尾的形容词与-ed结尾的形容词作定语时的区别ing形容词，中心词与其成主动关系，表示中心词所具有的某种性质；-ed形容词，中心词与其成被动关系，表示中心词所处的状态因此，空格处应选frustrating答案为frustrating 2.The ____________of his argument was that education should continue throughout life.（essence, essential） [答疑编号506494110307：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】essence【答案解析】译文：他的论点的核心意思是，教育应贯穿一生。
空格处应填入名词，因此应选essence答案为essence 3.I think I'm suffering from the ____________of too little sleep.（effects, effective） [答疑编号506494110308：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】effects【答案解析】译文：我觉得我因睡眠太少而难受了空格处应填入名词，因此应选effects答案为effects 4.The public has a right to expect ____________answers from politicians.（truthful, truthfully） [答疑编号506494110309：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】truthful【答案解析】译文：公众有权要求政客们说实话空格处需填入形容词作answer的定语，因此应选truthful答案为truthful 5.There are still lots of ____________offers on new cars.（tempting, temptation） [答疑编号506494110310：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】tempting【答案解析】译文：新车仍有很多诱人的优惠条件。
空格处需填入一个形容词作offers的定语，因此应选tempting答案为tempting 6.Children normally feel a lot of ____________about their first day at school.（anxious, anxiety） [答疑编号506494110311：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】anxiety【答案解析】译文：孩子们在上学第一天通常都会很焦虑空格处需填入一个名词被a lot of修饰，并做feel的表语，因此应选anxiety答案为anxiety Section B Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.percentage 百分比 performance 表现，表演 echo重复 passively 被动地establish 建立 technique 技巧 facial 面部的 manner 态度，举止 1.Kathy seems to take a very ____________role in the relationship. [答疑编号506494110312：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】passive【答案解析】译文：在这个关系中，Kathy看起来好像很 。
结合句意，空格处应填一个形容词做role的定语，因此空格处应填passive答案为passive 2.Some athletes take drugs to improve their____________. [答疑编号506494110313：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】performance【答案解析】译文：一些运动员为了改善 而服用药物根据句意，空格处应填入表示“表现”的词，因此应选performance答案为performance 3.A proper procedure for complaints should be____________. [答疑编号506494110314：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】established【答案解析】译文：应为投诉 一套规范的程序结合句意，空格处应填入表示设置、创建的词，因此应选establish此处应用过去分词形式，与其前边的be动词构成被动语态，表示“被创建”答案为established 4.You got 20____________of the answers right — that means one in every five. [答疑编号506494110315：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】percent【答案解析】译文：你的答案的正确率为20 ——即五分之一。
根据后半句的“五分之一”我们可以知道，空格处与其前面的20构成20%英语中百分数由“基数词+percent”构成，因此空格处应填percent答案为percent 5.The ____________of his scream sounded in the cave for several seconds. [答疑编号506494110316：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】echo【答案解析】译文：他的叫喊声在洞穴里回响了好几秒钟结合句意，空格处应填echo答案为echo 6.There have been major new developments in satellite____________ [答疑编号506494110317：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】technique【答案解析】译文：在卫星 领域已经取得了重大进展结合备选词及句意，空格处应选technique答案为technique Section C Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word. 1.He felt he needed to focus more ____________ his career. [答疑编号506494110318：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】on【答案解析】译文：他觉得他需要把更多的注意力放在自己的事业上。
本题重点考查固定搭配focus on…，意为对（某事或做某事）予以注意答案为on 2.Every bank pays ____________attention to the speed and accuracy of its staff. [答疑编号506494110319：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】close【答案解析】译文：每个银行都密切关注其职工的工作速度和准确性pay attention to…意为关注……，pay close attention to… 意为紧密关注……答案为close 3.He believed that some form of religion was essential ____________ human happiness. [答疑编号506494110320：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】to【答案解析】译文：他认为，对于人类的幸福来说，某种形式的宗教是必不可少的本题考查固定用法be essential to...，意为对……是必不可少的，重要的答案为to 4.Were you aware ____________the risks at the time? [答疑编号506494110321：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】of【答案解析】译文：你当时意识到风险了吗？本题考查固定搭配be aware of…的用法，意为意识到……。
答案为of 5.Last month's bad weather was responsible ___________ the crop failure. [答疑编号506494110322：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】for【答案解析】译文：上个月的恶劣天气造成作物欠收本题考查be responsible for…的用法，意为对……负责，形成……的原因答案为for 6.You must ____________aside your pride and apologize to him. [答疑编号506494110323：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】put【答案解析】译文：你必须放下你的架子向他道歉put aside意为撇开、扔下因此空格处应填put答案为put Ⅲ.Bridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage.You may choose a suitable one from the list given.⑥if ⑤developed ⑩misunderstood ①volunteer ⑨trembling②named ⑧grew ⑦hesitate ④miraculously ③ rare Many years ago, when I worked as a__①__ at Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl __②__ Liz who was suffering from a __③__ and serious disease.Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion from her five-year-old brother, who had __④__ survived the same disease and had __⑤__ the antibodies needed to combat the illness. The doctor explained the situation to her little brother and asked the boy __⑥__ he would be willing to give his blood to his sister.I saw him __⑦__ for only a moment before taking a deep breath and saying, "Yes, I'll do it if it will save Liz." As the transfusion progressed, he lay in bed next to his sister and smiled, as we all did, seeing the colour returning to her cheeks.Then his face __⑧__ pale and his smile faded.He looked up at the doctor and asked with a __⑨__ voice, "Will I start to die right away?" Being young, the boy had __⑩__ the doctor; he thought he was going to have to give her all his blood. [答疑编号506494110324：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】①volunteer； ②named； ③rare； ④miraculously； ⑤developed； ⑥if；⑦hesitate； ⑧grew； ⑨trembling； ⑩misunderstood【答案解析】 ①考查对全文宗旨的理解。
通读全文，可以知道第一句意为“多年前，我在一家医院做志愿者的时候……”，因此空格处应选volunteer答案为volunteer ②空格后为人名，因此空格处应选named，意为一个名叫Liz的女孩答案为named ③结合空格后的serious disease，空格处应选rare，意为一种罕见而严重的病答案为rare ④根据句意：她唯一康复的机会是由她五岁的弟弟为她输血她弟弟也得了这种病，但是___ 地康复了（并且____对抗这个疾病的抗体）空格处应填miraculously，意为奇迹般恢复答案为miraculously ⑤根据句意：她唯一康复的机会是由她五岁的弟弟为她输血她弟弟也得了这种病，但是奇迹般地康复了，并且____对抗这个疾病的抗体空格处应填developed，意为生长、形成答案为developed ⑥空格处需要填入一个词引导后面的句子作为ask的宾语，因此应选if，意为问这个男孩是否愿意为姐姐输血答案为if ⑦根据句意：我看到他____了一小会，然后深深吸了一口气说：“好的，如果能救Liz，我愿意空格处应选hesitate，意为犹豫答案为hesitate ⑧联系上下文，上文为：看到输血后姐姐的气色好转，下文为：他的脸色变得苍白，笑容退去。
空格处应填grew，意为渐渐变得答案为grew ⑨a trembling voice意为颤抖的声音，联系上下文，上文意为：当为姐姐输血时他脸色开始变得苍白，下文意为“我就要死了吗”，由此可以看出男孩的紧张、恐惧的情绪因此，他讲话时声音会颤抖答案为trembling ⑩本题考查对全文宗旨的理解通读全文，可以知道因为对输血的误解，男孩以为自己在输血后会死亡因此空格处应选misunderstood答案为misunderstood参考译文】 许多年前，我在Stanford医院做志愿者的时候，认识了一个名叫Liz的女孩，她得了一种罕见而严重的病她唯一康复的机会是由她五岁的弟弟为她输血她弟弟也得了这种病，但是奇迹般地康复了，并且发育形成了对抗这个疾病的抗体 医生说明情况并且问这个男孩是否愿意为姐姐输血我看到他犹豫了一小会，然后深深吸了一口气说：“好的，如果能救Liz，我愿意 当输血时，小男孩躺在他姐姐的身旁微笑着，看到输血后姐姐的气色好转然后，他的脸色变得苍白，笑容退去他看着医生用颤抖的声音问道：“我就要死了吗？” 因为小男孩年纪太小，对输血的医生误解了，男孩以为自己把全部血液输给姐姐，在输血后自己会死亡。
Section A Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in the brackets. 1.They ____________（为没有进展而感到懊丧）.（frustrated） [答疑编号506494110325：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】felt frustrated for no progress【答案解析】本题考查“因为……而懊丧”的表达，可译为feel frustrated for …答案为felt frustrated for no progress 2.Money____________（对于幸福并非必不可少）.（be essential to） [答疑编号506494110326：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】is not essential to happiness【答案解析】本题考查“对……是必不可少的”的表达，可译为be essential to...答案为is not essential to happiness。
3.The school has____________ the local community（与…建立了良好的关系）.（establish） [答疑编号506494110327：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】established a good relationship with【答案解析】本题考查“与……建立良好的关系”的表达，可译为establish a good relationship with…注意本题中应使用现在完成时答案为established a good relationship with 4.____________, the party was a complete success（依我看）.（point of view） [答疑编号506494110328：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】From my point of view【答案解析】本题考查“依……看”的表达，可译为in ...point of view注意首字母大写答案为From my point of view 5.Mike____________（负责全部工程的设计）.（be responsible for） [答疑编号506494110329：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】is responsible for the design of the whole project【答案解析】本题考查“对……负责”的表达，可译为be responsible for...。
答案为is responsible for the design of the whole project Section B Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Sometimes cultural differences in appropriate body language can cause discomfort or misunderstanding.One common example is the use of a smile.In some Asian cultures, a smile can show embarrassment or apology.However, smiling back at a teacher who is unhappy with you, or a stranger whose foot you accidentally stepped upon, is probably not a good idea in most English speaking cultures! Also, you should not assume that nodding your head means "yes" or that shaking your head means "no" or vice versa.Yes, you can even get that wrong, with potentially disastrous consequences. [答疑编号506494110330：针对该题提问] 【参考译文】 即便是正确的肢体语言，如果在不同的文化背景下，有时候也使人不舒服或造成误解。
一个常见的例子是微笑的使用在一些亚洲文化中，微笑可以表示尴尬或歉意然而在一些英语国家的文化里，朝着跟你生气的老师或被你踩到脚的陌生人笑，就不太好了你不要想当然地以为点头就表示“是的”，反之亦然，摇头也不一定表示“不是”没错，你很可能因为这样的错误而引发潜在的严重后果 V.Organizing Your Ideas Directions: Put the following sentences in the proper order so that they make a complete paragraph. 1.John replies, "I'm trying to win a Nobel Prize." 2.He pulls the car over to the side of the road and notices that John is just standing there, doing nothing, looking at nothing. 3."Well, I heard they give the Nobel Prize to people who are out standing in their field." 4.Sam gets out of the car, walks all the way out to John and asks him, "Excuse me, what are you doing?" 5."How?" asks Sam, puzzled. 6.Sam is driving down the Delhi highway, when he spots John standing in the middle of a huge field of grass. [答疑编号506494110331：针对该题提问] 【正确答案】排列句子顺序： 6—2 —4— 1—5 —3 【答案解析】依据动作发生先后对第6、2、4句排序。
这三个句子是Sam做的一系列连贯动作，第6个句子中Sam开车时看到John站在那里，第2个句子Sam停车，第4个句子Sam下车依据语法一致及语意一致的原则，对第4、1、5三句排序第4个句子中Sam对John以现在进行式提问What are you doing?第1个句子John以现在进行时I’m trying to…作答第5个句子中，Sam对John的回答感到困惑并追问如何获得诺贝尔奖，第3个句子中John做进一步解释参考译文】 山姆在德里的高速路上开着车，他发现约翰站在一大片草地中间，山姆在路边停下车,注意到约翰就站在那里，什么也不做，。