小学英语知识点归纳1、话题 (1) 字母：(大小)辨认、书写顺序 : Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz. 元音字母：A a , Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu 半元音字母: Yy 书写容易错误的字母：E , F , G, M, N, d, i, p, q, x, y. (2) 数字：基数词和序数词的运用，如计算、购物等. 基数词: One, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten , eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen… twenty, twenty-one… thirty, forty, fifty… eighty, ninety, one/a hundred , one/a hundred and one… two hundred. 序数词: first , second , third , fourth , fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth… twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-four…thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth… eightieth, ninetieth… 相关句型: 1) What’s thirty and forty? That comes to seventy. 2) What’s your telephone number? My telephone number is 83555723. 3) What time is it ? It’s half past ten. 4) When do you usually get up ? At six thirty-five. 5) Where do you live? I live at No.48 Renmin Road. 6) How old are you? I’m twelve. 7) How much does it cost? It costs 50 yuan. 8) How many cars have you got? I have got 6 cars. 9) How many birds can you see in the tree? I can see 3. 10) How many dolls are there on the bed? There is one/a doll. 11) How many dolls are there on the bed? There are four dolls. 12) Which floor do you live on? I live on the fifth floor. 13) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Baiyun hotel? Yes, go down this street, then turn left at the third crossing…. 14) Who’s the fifth girl from the right? She’s my cousin. 注意： 数词的应用; 不可数名词及它的量的表示方法;many与much在用法上的区别;there is/are与have/has在用法上的区别. (3)颜色：实物的颜色 colours: red, pink, yellow, brown, blue, purple, orange, black, white, grey, dark blue, light blue. 相关句型: 1) What colour is your coat? It’s ... 2) What’s your favourite colour? My favourite colour is … (4)时间：年、季节、月、星期、日、时刻 year, season( spring, summer, autumn, winter) , month: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. Day: 1st May (the first of May), May 2nd ( May the second) Time: (an) hour, minute, second 10:05 (five minutes past ten, ten o five) 10:10 (ten minutes past ten, ten ten) 10:15 (quarter past ten, ten fifteen) 10:30 (half past ten, ten thirty) 10:45 (quarter to eleven, ten forty-five) 11:00 (eleven o’clock) 相关句型: 1) How old is your mother? She’s thirty-six years old. 2) How many months are there in a year? There are 12. 3) When’s your birthday? My birthday is on 15th January ( the fifteenth of January). 4) When do you get up? I get up at six o’clock. 5) When does spring last? It lasts for 3 months from March to May.6) What time is it? It’s quarter to nine.(5)食品与饮料：人对食品与饮料的喜好;东西方食品 food : meat, rice, fish, bread, egg, cake, drinks : water, milk ,orange/apple/water melon/banana/strawberry juice ,coke, coffee, black/green tea… 相关句型: 1) Would you like something to drink/eat? Yes, I’d like some… No, thanks . 2) Would you like to eat/drink? I’d like to eat/drink… No, thanks . 3) What’s your favourite food/drink? My favourite food/drink is … 4) Could I have some…? Yes, please . (6)服装：服装的颜色:人对服装的喜好;某人的穿戴; 所属关系 clothes: hat, cap, coat, shirt , T-shirt, skirt, dress, sweater, jacket, trousers, sock, shoe put on, wear 所属关系: 形容词性的物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性的物主代词: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 相关句型: 1) What does it look like? It likes wearing a blue shirt. 2) Whose shoes are these? They’re mine. They’re Tom’s . 3) Is this /that/it your book? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 4) Is this pencil yours? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 5) Are these /those/they your coats and trousers? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. 6) Are those clothes theirs? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. 7) This is my hat. That hat is his. 注意： 名词单，复数;物主代词(名词性的物主代词，形容词性的物主代词);名词所有格，如：Tom’s , my father’s , the teachers’. (7)玩具和文具：特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置 Toys: doll, toy… 文具: desk, book, bag ,pen, pencil, pencil-box, ruler, chair, ball 存在的位置 : in, on, under, beside, behind, in front of, in the front of , in the middle of, at the back of…(a place/a person). 相关句型: 1) There is a cup of tea on the table. 2) There are some oranges in the fridge. 3) Is there any milk in the glass? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. 4) Are there any oranges in the fridges? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t. 5) What’s under the desk? There is an orange. / There are some oranges. (8)日常生活用品：特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置 words: shelf, table, clock, brush, telephone, light, computer, bike, fridge, glass, knife, keyboard, bottle, box, plate, photo, photograph, fax, radio, super-market,book store,noodles/cake/clothes/shoe/TV shop. 特点: big, small, heavy, light, white, black, empty, full, old, new, beautiful, cute, tall, short, strong, plump, nice, good, bad…(9)动物：家畜、家禽;农场动物、动物园及野生动物的特点;生活地点和所属关系 words(animals): cat, dog, duck, goose (geese) fish, sheep, bird, panda, monkey, rabbit, hen , cock, chicken, tiger, lion, pig, cow , mouse (mice),giraffe,dolphin, 生活地点：at home, in a farm, in a zoo … 所属关系：同上话题(7) (10)植物：特点、所属关系;存在的位置 words: tree, rose, flower, leaf(leaves) … (11)环境与建筑：特点、所属关系;存在的位置 buildings: factory, hospital, park, house, library, museum, office, farm, post office, bank, police station, train station, sports stadium, department store, store, school, classroom, house: bathroom, living-room, sitting-room, bedroom, washroom,kitchen, garden… 房子的基本构造： door, gate, wall, window, floor… 相关句型: 1) Where do you study at ? I study at Longdong Primary School. 2) Where does your mother work at ? She works at a hospital. 3) Let’s meet at the gate of the park. 4) My brother is playing in the garden. (12)身体：特点 body: head, hair, eye, nose, ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, hand, finger, foot (feet) ,toe… 外貌: fat, thin, plump , tall, short, old, young, round face, two big blue eyes, long hair, short hair, black hair ,white hair… 相关句型: 1) I’m /You’re /He’s/She’s /We’re /They’re (not) tall. 2) Is he/she tall or short? He’s /She’s tall (short). 3) I/We/They/You have (got) black hair. 4) He/She has ( got ) a round face. 5) Has he/she got long hair ? Yes, he/she has. No, he/she hasn’t. 注意：描述人的外貌时，have与has用法上的区别; 形容词的用法，如 :tall, short, old, young, black , long…(13)个人情况：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好 age, year, address, e-mail address, hobby, hobby: collecting stamps(coins) , going swimming… doing sth 相关句型: 1) How old are you ? I’m thirteen years old. 2) I’m a thirteen-year old boy. 3) What’s your address? I live at No.48 Renmin road. 4) What’s your e-mail address? My e-mail address is 123VIP@. 5) What’s your hobby? My hobby is going running. Or : I like going running. 6) I /You/ They like music. 7) He likes sightseeing. 8) Do you like reading? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. 9) Does he /she like playing basketball? Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn’t. 注意： 描述个人的喜好时：名词和动词- ing 形式作宾语; 主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化。
动词ing的变化规律： 1)直接加ing ，如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying, … 2) 去掉词尾不发音的e ，如：take-taking, close-closing, come-coming, drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing, practice-practicing, … 3) 重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加 ing , 如： sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, … 主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)： 1) 直接加s， 如：cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes,… 2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, … 3) 辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+es， 如：fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries, … 4) 以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es. 5) 特殊：have-has, … (14)家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱 好：与你的关系 words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend 相关句型: 1) Is he/she Tom’s cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn’t. 2) Who’s he/she? He’s/She’s my friend. 3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they? There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me. 注意： 1)名词单复数，如：family-families; 名词单数--复数规律: 1) 直接加s， 如： boy-boys, term-terms, 2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches, 3) 辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+es， 如：baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches , 4) 以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves, … 5) 特殊: man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, 6) 不变: hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fish, sheep, … 2) 名词所有格，表明是“谁的” 如： my cousin’s , his parents’ 它的构成规则： 单数名词后+“ ’s”， Mike’s mother. 复数名词词尾有，其后只+“ ’”，Teachers’ Da教师节. 若是两人共有时，只在后者+ “’s ”, Jim and Tom’s mother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。
不是两者所共有的，两者都+ “ ’s ”, Jim’s and Tom’s mother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲 名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of, a map of China.一幅中国地图 (15)学校：学校建筑和学校生活 words: school building, classroom, dormitory, playground, library… subjects: Chinese, maths , English, music, computer, PE, art, biology, politics , history, meeting, geography… 相关句型: 1) What’s your favourite subject? English. 2) Where’s the library? It’s behind the dormitory. 3) When do you go to school? At 7:20. 4) When does Chinese begin on Monday? At Eight o’clock. 5) Does geography begin at twenty to ten on Monday? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. 6) We’re having an English class. (16)社交礼仪：礼貌用语;询问与应答 1.Greetings: Hello! Hi! Good morning/afternoon/evening. How are you ? Fine, thanks. And you? Please say hello to your parents for me. 2. Introduction: My name is … I’m a pupil. I’m new here. This is Mr/Mrs/Miss White. Hello, nice to meet you . 3. Farewells: Goodbye/Bye-bye/Bye. See you then/tomorrow. Good night. It’s late. I must go home now. Thanking for coming. 4. Thanks: Thank you (very much). You’re welcome. Not at all. 5. apologies: Sorry. I’m sorry. That’s all right. Excuse me. 6. Incitation: Will you go shopping with me? Would you like to go ? I’d love to . Thank you. 7. Asking for permission: May I have an apple ? Could /Can I use your bike? Sure. Certainly. Yes, of course. Yes, do please. 8. Expressing wishes: Happy birthday! Thank you. 9. Offering help: Can I help you? What can I do for you? 10. Making appointments: Are you free tomorrow? What about tomorrow afternoon? Let’s meet at the gate at 7:50. Shall we visit the museum? 11. Hello! May I speak to Kate? Speaking/It’s Kate here. Who’s this/that, please ? 12. Taking meals: Would you like something to eat/drink? Would you like some fish/meat? 13. Shopping : Can I help you ,sir? What can I do for you, sir ? What about this one? Do you like this one? I want /I’d like some oranges. How much is the shirt /are the socks? It’s to small. Two kilos, please . I’ll take it. 14. Asking the way: Excuse me. Where is the Guangzhou Library? Can you tell you me the way to the Garden Hotel, please? Can I take this bus to Beijing Road? Is there a hotel near here? It’s over there. Turn right/legt(17)国家与城市：地理位置;特点 Countries: China, Japan, America (the USA), English( the UK), Australia, Russia, Canada, Italy, India, France, Nationalities: Chinese, Japanese, American, Englishman, Australian, Russian, Canadian, Italian, Indian, French, 相关句型: 1) Where’s Japan? It’s to the east of China. 2) Where does your friend come from? She comes from English. 3) Where are they from? They’re from Russia. 4) What country do you from? I come from China. 5) What country is he from? He’s from France. 6) What language does she speak? She speaks French. 7) What language do they speak? They speak Chinese. (18)天气：气候特征 weather : hot, cold, cool, warm, sun, shine, sunny, rain ,heavy rain, light rain, rainy, wind, strong wind, windy, snow , heavy snow, light snow snowy, cloud, cloudy… temperature: 15 ( fifteen degrees centigrade), 0 (zero degree centigrade), -5 (minus degrees centigrade)… 相关句型: 1) What’s the weather like in spring? It’s warm, rainy and wet. 2) What will the weather be like there? It will be sunny. 3) Is it snowing? Yes, it is a snowy day. 4) Will there be cloudy? Yes, there will. 5) The sun is shining. 6) I like taking a warm bath. (19)节日：节日的特点;节日的活动 festivals : New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Women’s Day, April foolish Day, May Day, Mother’s Day, Children’s Day, Father’s Day, Party’s Day, Army’s Day, Mid-autumn Festival, Teachers’ Day , National Day, Thanks Giving Day, Christmas Day. New Year’s Day: 1st January. Spring Festival: It’s the Chinese New Year. It’s the first day of the Chinese year. It’s a very special festival for all Chinese people. It is usually at the end of January or the beginning of February /in late January or early February. The children can get “lucky money”. Women’s Day: It’s on 8th March. April Foolish Day: on 1st April, on this day, people can play jokes to their friends. May Day: 1st May, laborers’ day. Mother’s Day: on the second Sunday of May. Children’s Day: on June 1st. Father’s Day: on the third Sunday in June. Party’s birthday: in China, it’s on 1st July. Army’s Day: in China, it’s on 1st August. Mid-autumn Festival: on 15th August of Chinese lunar calendar. In China , people eat special cakes calls moon cakes and watch the full moon. Teachers’ Day: on 10th September. National Day: in China, it’s at the beginning of October. Thanks Giving Day: the last Thursday in November, it’s American festival. Christmas Day: December 25th. (20)方位：人或物的位置;问路与应答 place : in, on ,at, under, near, next to, beside, behind, in front of , in the front of , in the middle (of ), back, on the right/left, the second/…person from the right/left A: Excuse me. Where’s the department store? Can you tell me the way to the Garden Hotel, Please? Can I take this bus to Beijing Road? Is there a hotel near here? B: It’s over there. Turn right /left at the first crossing. The hotel is on the right/left. I’m sorry, I don’t know.(21)正在发生的事情：现在进行的动作和发生的事be doing something 1) I’m/You’re/He’s /She’s /We’re/They’re (not) working. 2) Are you playing football? Yes, I am/we are. 3) Is he/she taking exercise? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn’t. 4) Are they going shopping? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. 5) What are you doing? I’m/We’re cleaning the room. 6) What’s he/she doing? He’s/She’s having supper. 7) What are they doing? They’re reading. (22)日常生活：日常生活、工作、学习的活动 daily routine get up brush one’s teeth, wash one’s face, make breakfast , have breakfast, go to school/work, do morning exercises, have classes, play basketball, play football, run ,jump, go home, have lunch, have supper, do one’s homework, watch TV, do some reading, take a bath, go to bed 1) What time do you get up? I usually get up at 6 o’clock. 2) Shen Zhen often takes a bath at 9 o’clock in the morning. 3) My mother is never late for work. (23)计划与打算：计划和将要进行的动作和发生的事be going to do … 1) I’m/You’re /He’s/She’s /We’re/They’re (not) going to visit the museum. 2) Are you going to swim? Yes, I am/we are. No, I’m not/we aren’t. 3) Is he/she going to see Miss Wang? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn’t. 4) What are you going to do tomorrow? I’m /We’re going to visit the farm. 5) I/You/He/She/They/We will go skiing. 6) Are you going to be busy tomorrow? Yes, I am/we are. go swimming, go shopping, go climbing, go skiing, go walking, go running, go fishing, go skating, go sightseeing,… (24)能力和可能：可能进行的动作和发生的事 1) I/You/He/She/We/They can(can’t) come here tomorrow. 2) Can he/she visit the factory today? Yes, he/she can. No, he/she can’t. 3) Can they go by bus? Yes, they can. No, they can’t. 4) May I visit the factory this afternoon? Yes, of course /Sure/Certainly. 5) May I sit here? Yes, of course/please do.注意: 情态动词can的用法, can do (+动词原形).实用短语归纳 1. put down 放下 shut down 把…关上 cut down 砍掉 come down下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下 write down 写下 get down 下来,降落 2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地 one after another 相继.挨次 soon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天 3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来 send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大 pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光 clean up 打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事 4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 get to +n.到达 reach + n.到达 arrive / get +adv.到达 5. get…back 退还, 送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来 at the back of 在…的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上 6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻,马上at school 在上学 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作 be good at=do well in 善长 laugh at 嘲笑 not…at all 一点也不 at first 起初 at night 在晚上 at noon 中午 at the age of // when sb. was…years old 在…岁时at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于 at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初 at the end of 在…终点、结尾 at the moment /now 现在 at the foot of在…脚下at Christmas 在圣诞节 at any moment 任何时候 at times(sometimes)有时, 偶尔at the doctor’s 在医务室 be bad at不善长 7.for example 例如 for ever 永远 be good for 对…有益 be bad for对…有害for long=for a long time 长期 for short 简称 be short for是…的简称 TV is short for “television” 8. come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自, 出生于 come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快 come over 过来 come along 走吧,过来,快点 come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来 9.even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管 10. be pleased with 对…感到满意 be covered with 被…覆盖 be expected to do sth.被期望做某事 be proud of 以…自豪 speak highly of 称赞 be afraid of害怕 hear of听说 (hear from sb.收到某人的来信) of cause=certainly当然可以 plenty of= a lot of许多 11.by the way 顺便说 by oneself 单独,独自 by the end of到…为至 by the time (引起时间状语从句) 到…的时候 one by one依次 by air / plane 乘飞机 by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/ 火车/轿车 (catch a bus赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to…=go to …by bus乘车去) 12.do / try one’s best 尽力 do one’s homework 做家庭作业 do (the/some) shopping 购物 do the cooking 烹饪 do some cleaning 打扫 do the / some washing洗衣服do sport做运动do with sb / sth.处理well done干得好 13.early in the morning 一大早 in the early spring 初春 in my early days 我幼年时期early bus 早班车 14.make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献 make a telephone call to sb. /ring sb. up /give sb. a call /phone sb. 给某人打 connect…to…把…与…连接起来 be close to 靠近(某地) give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb . 15.either…or…或者…或者.. on either side of the stree t街道任何一边 (on each side of the street 街道每一边 on both sides of the street街道两边) 16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事 (表示状态继续) keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行) practise doing sth. 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事) 17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一 事) go straight along 沿着…一直往前走 go down下降, go for a walk散, go over复习 go shopping买东西, go to the cinema去看电影 go well进展顺利, go off to 动身前往, go out外出, go to work去上班, go up上升, want a go 想试一试 18. think about 考虑 (think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到 think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出) talk about 谈论, worry about 担心, How / What about…?…怎么样? 19.borrow…from …从…借…. (lend…to…把…借给…) from door to door 挨家挨, from time to time 时时 from now on 从今以后 from then on 从那以后 be different from与…不同 learn…from…向…学习 20.get dressed 穿衣 get into进入 get / be lost丢失 get off / on下/上车 get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get ready for +n.为…做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get / go to sleep (fall asleep) 入睡 (be asleep睡着) get warm 变暧 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会 21. look for 寻找 wait for 等候 look after=take care of照看 look like看起来像 look over 检查,复习 look out 小心,从里向外看 look the same 看起来一样。