并列连词的分类与用法

并列连词的分类与用法一、表转折的并列连词主要有but（但是），yet（可是），while（而，却）等如：I would have written before but I have been ill.我本该早写信的，但我生病 了I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书英活中表示意思转折或对比的并列遂词主要有E湘兴画个L升列连词hut的用粮并列连词M意为旭但是，毛吧如lacked aicund but couki see nobody,他向四周皇望，却役看.耳什么人■：I ktiovv of Lhe town but I've never bwn Lhcie,我知道有这座城市磴但从未去IXI Ike mushrgcins but uriftilunaLrlv lhc\' don't agret with m?.我吾玦吃蘑菇：可首吃了雅受口I incited my five sisters buLnat all （cf them） can cum?.我卷请了桃的五个姐妹J旦:她，门）却不能都来”I lik? cats but unfcu Lunacy I in alkrgjc to ihcin.我很喜欢猫：但可惜珑对SSil觎I agree but I caji't answer far my Ecll^agucs,我同意:但是我不能代表猊的同Sf：. >Hr projni5

I appicciatc yvui piobhin. but I den't think I can h?lp 丁叫舞理解商的任陛，但却鼓莫能助LThi5 bc-ach is good ffjr swiiiunki^ butba^ fui sir fin 旦.这片海滩宜於游泳而 K 适■怕中浸叵迎L土开列连词yu的用法并列连词 炉也表示T旦是k嗔T，与并列连伺监用法相似，有时可热 如：It is stianET yet tiur.这很奇怪#却是真实的c田vy整pcoi7 yet happy,他很列,可是很快乐I liavc failed, yrt I slial try again,我钦:败了 £ 恒我还至尝试-5aid he vas our fricnd;珂he vciidn't help us.他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们■ yet用作连词时，与but —样也主要用于转折，意为“但是” “而”：I have failed, yet I shall try again.我失败了，但我还要尝试The judge was stern, yet completely fair. 法官彳艮严峻，却完全公正。

They are the same, yet not the same. 它们又一样，又不一样It is strange, yet it is true,那真是怪事，然而却是事实I’ ve been away only for three years, yet I can hardly recognize my hometown,我仅在外三 年，可我几乎认不出我自己的故乡了He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’ t help us.他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我 们■有时用在句首如（from .youthemE.CN）:Yet the house was cheerful,但屋子里显得很欢快Yet its population has doubled.但它的人口翻了一番■ yet有时可与并列连词and或but连用，构成习语and yet和but yet,且两者大致同义(均相当于 表转折的but):I gave him ten pounds (and) yet he was not satisfied, 我给了他十镑但他仍不满足She’ s vain and foolish, and yet people like her.她很虚荣愚蠢，但人们却喜欢她。

She drove very fast to the airport, but [yet, and yet, but yet] she missed the plane.她 开快车去机场，可还是误了飞机■ although不能与表示转折的but连用，但是却可以与yet连用如：Although we have made some progress, yet we still have a long way to go. 我们虽然取得了 些进步，但还是远远不够的并列逢词用沽一H并列隹词加俵示转命面为是"F■是* .如，Sbe is AtriByi;: an bm she 依用 in England 娃是英I国,L 但住在英国.]cjn hWievE r.imP but i ?jntic: in血，我离俺很屯苗「法是裳凯 国是不相忘性的为人，英唔习啖食示转析的邸讳花'，宏云让步的龈c.gh或:itbrjugh茸用：弛们虽是社，俱芝殂貌却完全不同.I.吴=Akhough rht- ore m'ifl i, buc thai 上曲 BricLrah'正f They ar? ginw. but Etucy look entinrlv different.： Altbo'j^h Ihfy art cwui斗 tbry hoik roojek diftaeiit.井列连词bm用法二w并列径饲tni调于y 侦诺梅，慝为“不是 而是垢Whar I want iawc thim Mt. bur that ■想显国不是-K个，而是■净？'，Bamhoo is not a:rcc, but a kind of g:ai5. ft d-是…种柄.而:是一积乳TruE E th: mean 弗 naL 3 diearn bu: an acrual tnag.登月族行i 只项,却想而是现买部E -并残匪词顷用携三H并•列隹■.司恤刊二!去乔乍刷也""'旦世”-如IH? wai tired如afr壮tie Ititag walk itt走了菠:哥孑路，.切.携很枣但.也很咛乐.并列注同Imh用端四=并列隹屈如[有时用于熬£口泌着已1：比祯rr.H示涕寂滋客工的表i±后表示语,制i, *戚此时不球成屋词的山mLLxcus; UK. but. could ycu 时 whu: Ih? post afUct is?对不起，脩间邮局在M■三地方？]'tn Eziry-. but] hzLT ancithn appainjuMJi iciiiflljL Ekw abouc cotnarrgF afijmcion? Would iharbe caa Latf?或承勤我4耽有-游勺会，明大 I' 午 怎;我祥，会不会太旧？并刊连伺hw用米五=并列医词1血有时可用于麦示异诙、惚奇虱吃惮卷，如，zi ^tttng mutijfd.'* ^Biit Ihat's Tvoodeifik!■掰夬要靠婚"诉・：，亲艰可"forS作并列崖词时有曲4、王袤用出:并列互词由JB洁一；并可连向诉表:,漏因，总是成在主句之宅(此时可与皿m换用、.如=Th? ground is ivrt, fb[ (=btcaust i lL iiunN last nig.地而是限Bib 因为昨晚下过雨“JU 31]ook佛h?ad, for (-Ncau^] be如哪t dif觥知布,Hk嬉■:"馋沁 因为hl侑不局悉洁，快 ruth' :&■ in Mtds. L^r (=be: ausr) m c an' L af玲id Jt.辎,:嗖fz.宾.■棺，因无痢IJ 仕木起-并列连荷ftir用检二：并可壬词血司时不去示原因，只知寸前而舸U内客的蝉赫断此时衣婪放王句之后，叵不能与阪邢弥换用).妣ItTTni?t havie rattled last ni^ht, fcr the ground is E 由它momLng E割彳一定8过汨 弥看今天早上州面呈备孔Sine ihlieL hane毁nt out wriy：血had ooL shown vp ai ccrakfait.地一定世一虽就出去；，因徇她投来吃旱原.but的用法举例1. 连接词或短语It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。

He drives not carefully but slowly,他开车不是很小心，而是开得很慢2. 连接句子This isn’ t a good one but it will answer.这不太好，但可以将就用He looks honest, but actually he’ s a rogue,他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer.我向他说了早上好，但他没有回应The ice remained, but there was no water underneath, 冰还在，但下面却没有水Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first,布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了 At first he was a little shy, but now he acts more natural.开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现 得很自然了There was a little trouble at first, but things were soon quiet. 起初有点小麻烦后来情况 就平静了。

3. 用于句首But that question doesn’ t arise. 但没发生那个问题But in secret she was delighted.但她暗中感到高兴But what else can we do?我们还能做什么？But in the end he gave in.但最后他还是让步了But there’ s one thing we are agreed on.但有一点大家的意见是一致的4. 用于道歉的表达之后Sorry, but we’ re behind schedule.抱歉，我们落在计划后了I’ m frightfully sorry, but I can’ t see you today.太对不起了，我今天不能见你Excuse me, but I don’ t think that’ s quite true.很抱歉，我认为这与事实略有出入5. 用于not・・・but…，表示"不是 而是 ”Not you but I am to blame.不是你的错而是我的错6. 用在某些否定语后，表示“只……”：He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。

She knows no one but you. 她只认识你You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己No one but me saw her. 只有我看见他(from .youthemE.CN)7. 用于next (last) but one中，表示"隔壁再过去""倒数第 ”He lives in the next house but one.他住在隔壁再过去一家He was the last but one to arrive.他是倒数第二个到的8. can’ t help but 不由得不 You can’ t help but respect them.你不由得不尊敬他们When they gave him a ticket to the game, he couldn’ t help but go. 他们给了他一看球赛的 票，他不由得不去I can’ t help but wonder what I should do next.我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办 【注意】不要按汉语意思将"虽然…但是…”直译为although・、but…：误：Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉 though 或 but 中任一个)二、 表选择的并列连词主要or （或者，还是，否则,either・・・or…（不是…就是…），neither・・・or…（既不… 也不…），otherwise （要不然）等。

如:Be careful about what you say or you may regret it. 当心你讲的话，否则你会 后悔的Either say you’re sorry or else get out! 你要么道歉，要么滚开！Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的注：neither・、nor…连接两个句子，注意用倒装语序三、 表联合的并列连词主要有 and, not only・・・but also…（不但…而且 …），when（=and just at thistime 就在这时）等如：Give him an inch and he will take a mile, 他会得寸进尺Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得 更正确，也讲得更不费劲了He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉，这时铃响 了起来。

四、 表因果的并列连词主要有for（因为），so（因此）等如：He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想 法He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了1.并列连桐for的用法开列连词fw表示京因，意为■.因天产由于L如The day； were sb-.irt. f&t it was now D^oemter 白天很短，因为现在已绶是 1 】月I decided Lc 5tcp and have l'jjich—fbr I was feeing h;jngry.我决宝停工来吃狼 因为精觉密饿了:岳mu3t be out for ±ere is m light in & roam.他谁是出去了 ＞因为屋里没有灯She does not fd o_it in the wmy for 血 feels the edd a great deal 她冬天不出门，因为他特别怕冷.We Ksteued eagerly, for he brouahr news rf cur faniilies他蛤戒们带来了家里的消息.花们都迫不及待地厦雀.映iitened eagerly, for ht biou^hc news of our血ni跆.他蛤我们带来了家里的消鼠我们郁迫.不及.待地听著.&涂示原因时，它引出的句子不能成在句首，如不能说：For It wa? mw December, the days were stmtr.E升列适词网的用法并列连词驰表示结果，章为''所以…因此L如：It7; very cold; su wrar a heavy coat.外边很冷，因此穿一件厚大衣吧■:Thsre ware no bu奖mq。

I can# by ticyde.没有■公共汽车，所以我就骑自行车来了-The door waa locked, mo w? causin'：骅tin. 口上锁了，所以我们进不去.It was dirk, zol cculdti'r see vi^ar was hippeniig 无很黑.所以成看不见发生了 什人事-1'tu off cn tioli^iy. sc I ^,□zi'Lbt swing you ftr a bit,我孰忏匿的 所以有一段时fK昧就见不着你了 匚Hie- told me to do ii and I dd it,他叫琵那么欧 所以畿就散了She wrow a famous book, and其wtin i place m histcty.姓与'了一本茗著,所L为在击史上有一席金弛u汉语可以说..因为 .所归 ".但英篱中表示结果的并列连国匏不能与表示原因的M区注词昭皿游畦用.如不能说,珀：■曰年并列连词时有两普主要用法：并列隹同血用法一，•齐列连词表示原因，总是孜在主习之后，就时可与城刑x换用】,如；The舞诚匹wet fcr [=hecau浏二rained Iasi噂ic地面是毒的，团耕雨uIfe加dk血heac. for ..=bec3us?；足ihcugju difEently.他摆了柩算 因为他有不同想法.说rare■村迎诒加或,血（玉。

明5的耻 顽'〔afford il.珂1很少吓宾徂，因为珀Tf£不起.并列连词讪用和二，开列连词for削不表示凄因：只是衬前面分句啪胜解释妻推号 ＜此时也宴成也主句之后，叵不能与换用！，加；It muzt M兴 皿制lasTniohL for groun-i * ivH chis aonuig,席晚一定"过雨，淅看■牛天早上地面是湿的.She itiLELhiVc gone am sail?： fbr she had i»[ sMwn 叩 m bredkfast 貌一定是一早就出主； 因做k浅来吃早tE.连词for表示原因时的四个"不能”for表示原因时的四个“不能”■ for引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前：Because it was wet he took a taxi.因为下雨，他叫了一辆出租车这里不能用for）■ for引导的从句不能位于not, but或任何连词之后：He stole, not because he wanted the money but because he liked stealing, 他偷东西，并不 是因为他想要钱，而是他有这种毛病这里不能用for）■ for引导的从句不能用于回答问题：—Why did you do it?你为什么这么做？—I did it because l was angry,因为我生气才这么做的。

这里不能用for）■ for引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话，而必须包括新的容：He spoke in French. She was angry because he had spoken in French, 他讲法语因为他讲法 语，她生气了这里不能用for）但是说：She was angry, for she didn' t know French.她生气了，因为她不懂法语这里用for是正确 的，也可用because）之所以有这些用法上的限定，其理由是for引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因，而只 能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明例如（.qiewo.）:The days were short, for it was now December.天短了，现在已是 12 月了He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn.他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，因 为他从天亮就没吃过东西When I saw her in the river I was frightened. For at that point the currents were dangerous.我看见她在河里时，吓坏了。

那个地方水流非常危险在口语中，for从句前常稍停一下在笔语中，在此处常有一个逗号有时也用一个句号断开，如最 后一个例子所示上面三个例句中也可用becatse,但用for更好些并列连词词组的用法1. both・・・and…的用法其意为“…和…都”、“不但…而且•••"、"既…又•••"：She both speaks and writes Japanese. 她不仅会说日语，而且还会写He spoke with both kindness and understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表们既访问了纽约，又访问了波士顿。

注】作为关联并列连词，它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词另外，若连接两个成分作主语时，谓语要用复数：Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲娅都喜欢这姑娘2. either・・・or…的用法其意为“要么…要么•••”、“不是…就是•••”：Either come in or go out. 要么进来，要么出去I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well. 不是他没讲清楚， 就是我没听明白注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同 的词若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错3. neither・・・nor…的用法其意为“既不…也不•••"、"…和…都不”：I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱。

I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不抽烟也不喝酒He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事不闻不问This is neither my fault nor yours. 这既不怪我，也不怪你注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同 的词若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history.玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史Neither Jim and Jack was at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数：Neither Jim and Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家4. not onlybut also …的用法其意为“不但…而且•••”：Not only men but also women were chosen. 选中的不仅有男的也有女的He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read. 他不仅读过这本 书，而且还记得书中的容。

注】该结构中的als有时可省略，或与but分开用，或用too, as well代之(位于 句末)：Not only is he funny, but he is witty too [as well].他不但风趣，而且也很机 智若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Not only you but also he has to leave.不只是你，他也得离开both... and...可以翻译成"……和……两个都”、"又……又……”、 “既要……又要……”；either... or...意思是"或者 或者 ”，neither... nor...意思是“既不 也不 ”，这三者都是连词，可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词和介词短语等both... and...连接名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither... nor...连接名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词须与nor之后的名 词保持一致；either... or...连接名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词要与最临近的主语保 持一致例如：Both she and I are going to do the cleaning.我和她两个都要做清洁工作。

Mike is both tall and handsome.迈克长得又高又帅In the program tonight Mary will both sing and dance.在今天晚上的节目中，玛丽既要唱歌又要跳舞You may either stay or go.你可以走，也可以留下Either you or I am wrong.不是你错，就是我错He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不吸烟也不喝酒Neither he nor I am well-educated.他和我都没有受过良好的教育not only but also后面的动词用就近原则，即根据but also后面的主语来确定动词的形式而both and 后面的动词总是用复数例如：Not only my father but also my mother is a teacher.Both my father and my mother are teachers.巧借并列连词破解非谓语动词陷阱题英语中的并列连词不多，常见的只有and, or, but, yet等，并且其用法也不复杂，在 高考英语中直接考查并列连词用法的考题比较少见。

但是，这并不意味着你就可对并列连词 “置之不理”，因为命题者虽然不会直接考查并列连词的用法，但他们却经常把并列连词作 为一种设计陷阱题的工具，把一些本来很容易的考点设计成难题，甚至陷阱题本文拟就如 何巧借并列连词破解非谓语动词难题或陷阱题作一分析一、借并列连词识别平行结构根据英语语法习惯，用并列连词连接的两个语法成分通常应是平行的、对等的若并列 连词连接的是两个非谓语动词，原则上说它们应是同一形式一一同为不定式，或同为-ing 分词，或同为-ed分词如：Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习 惯Shops were open, especially places which sold things to eat and to drink.店 铺都开着，尤其是卖饮食的店铺To mean to do something and to do something actually are two different things.打算做一件事和实际上做一件事完全是两回事有些用than连接的非谓语动词也往往需要一致的形式。

如：Friendship is like money: easier made than kept.友谊像金钱 挣来容易维持难Why don’t you get yourself a job?” “That’s easier said than done.” “你 怎么不找个工作呢?”“说起来容易，找起来难哪！”请看一道高考题：It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and better ones of your own. （卷）A. introduces B. tointroduce C. introducing D. introduced此题答案为C句中的并列连词and连接的是两个对称的并列成分，由于其前的 considering…为动名词，所以空格处也要用动名词请再看两道相关的考题：1. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but work for young people.A. provide B. toprovide C. providing D. provided答案为B°not・・・but连接两个不定式作表语，所以选B。

句意为：这个计划的目的不是 为了帮助雇主，而是为了给年轻人提供工作机会2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult. （zn）A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make答案为B空格处填不定式是为了与前面的to make life easier保持一致句意为： 新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是为了使生活变得更困难3. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and . （卷）A. he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure答案为D并列连词and连接两个结构平行的句子构成一个并列句，比较前后两个句子 结构，显然只有。

最合适二、借并列连词识别非谓语动词考点与并列句考点有的考题从表面上看是在考查非谓语动词，而实际上是在考查并列句的有关知识，此时 若能充分注意到句中的并列连词，同时结合并列连词对句子结构进行分析，问题往往可以迎 刃而解请看下面一道高考题： the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.（卷）A. Having searched B. Tosearch C. SearchingD. Search此题初看一眼，完全像是一道非谓语动词考题，因为四个选项中有三项为非谓语动词 粗心的考生很可能会据此最先排除选项D，因为它不是非谓语动词其实，此题的答案正是 D做好本题的关键是要注意到句中的并列连词and，由and可知这是一个并列句，and的后 面是句子，其前面也应是句子由于句首无主语，可推断它是祈使句，所以选动词原形，即 答案为D与上面的情况相反，如果两个“句子”间没有并列连词，那么其中有个“句子”就肯定 不是“句子”，因为它没有完整的谓语如下面这道高考题：The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March.（卷）A. has been launched B. having beenlaunched C. being launched D. to be launched由于两个“句子”间没有并列连词，所以空格处不可能填一个完整的谓语，据此我们可 以最先排除选项A。

又由于动作于去年的三月底就已经发生，所以不能选表示未来动作的不 定式，即不能选D；又由于句子用了具体的过去时间状语（at the end of last March），故 不能选完成式，即不能选B所以答案为C其实the most recent being launchedat the end of last March为独立主格结构请再看下面一题：The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day.（卷）A. finishingB. finishedC. hadfinished D. were finished由于两个“句子”间没有并列连词，所以空格处不可能填一个完整的谓语，据此我们可 以最先排除选项C和D再根据句意，由于lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系，故要 用过去分词，即选B其实，their lessons finished for the day也是独立主格结构我们最后再来看两道题，这是两道很容易混淆的考题：1. He wrote a lot of novels, none of them into a foreign language.A. translating B. translated C. were translated D. had translated2. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which into a foreign language.A. translating B. translatedC. were translated D. had translated我们先来分析第1题，根据前面的思路我们可以推知，空格处不能填一个完整的谓语， 因为这两个“句子”之间没有并列连词，所以可以排除C和D；再根据“小说”与“翻译” 之间的被动关系可以确定答案为B而不是A。

我们再来看看第2题，其实这一题与第1题只有一个词的差别，那就是将第1题中的 them改成了 which粗心的考生很可能会忽略这一差别，仍将答案确定为A但事实上，由 于将句中的them改成了 which，就使得第2题的句子由简单句变成了复合句，因为noneof which…在此引出一个定语从句；而定语从句作为“句子”，它就必须要有完整的谓语，同 时结合“小说”与“翻译”之间的被动关系，我们可以确定此题的答案为C而不是B。